Abstract

FRIEDRICH, Roberta Roggia; SCHUCH, Ilaine  and  WAGNER, Mário Bernardes. Effect of interventions on the body mass index of school-age students. Rev. Saúde Pública [online]. 2012, vol.46, n.3, pp. 551-560.  Epub Apr 24, 2012. ISSN 0034-8910.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102012005000036.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of intervention programs using nutritional education, physical activity or both on the reduction of body mass index in school-age students. METHODS: The systematic review with meta-analysis included randomized controlled studies available from the following electronic databases for the years 1998 to 2010: PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. The descriptors were: randomized controlled trial, overweight, obesity, body mass index, child, adolescent, physical activity, nutrition education and Schools. A weighted average was based on the standardized means difference and used a 95% confidence interval. The inconsistency test was utilized to evaluate the heterogeneity of studies. RESULTS: Initially, 995 studies were identified, of which 23 were included, and 3 meta-analyses were performed. Isolated physical activity interventions did not present a significant reduction in BMI, with a standardized mean difference of -0.02 (95%CI: -0.08; 0.04). A similar result (n= 3,524) was observed in the isolated interventions of nutritional education, with a standardized mean difference of -0.03 (95%CI: -0.10; 0.04).When the interventions with physical activity and nutritional education were combined, the result of the meta-analysis (n= 9,997) presented a statistically significant effect in the reduction of body mass index in school-age students, with a standardized mean difference: -0.37 (95%CI: -0.63; -0.12). CONCLUSIONS: The interventions that combined physical activity and nutritional education had more positive effects in the reduction of body mass index among school-age students than when they were applied individually.

Keywords : Niño; Adolescente; Obesidad [prevención & control]; Índice de Masa Corporal; Educación Alimentaria y Nutricional; Educación y Entrenamiento Físico; Actividad Motora; Programas de Reducción de Peso; Metanálisis.