EVANS, Mike; SINCLAIR, Robert C.; FUSIMALOHI, Caroline
and
LIAVA'A, Viliami. Globalization, diet, and health: an example from Tonga. Bull World Health Organ [online].
2001,
vol.79, n.9, pp. 856-862.
ISSN 0042-9686.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0042-96862001000900011.
|
|
2. Evans M. Persistence of the gift: Tongan tradition in transnational context. Waterloo, Ontario, Wilfrid Laurier University Press (in press). [ Links ] 3. Evans M. Is Tonga's MIRAB economy sustainable?: a view from the village, and a view without it. Pacific Studies, 1999, 22: 172–207. [ Links ] 4. James K. Migration and remittances: a Tongan village perspective. Pacific Viewpoint, 1990, 32: 1–23. [ Links ] 5. James K. The rhetoric and reality of change and development in small Pacific communities. Pacific Viewpoint, 1993, 34: 135–152. [ Links ] 6. James K. Reading the leaves: the role of Tongan women's traditional wealth and other 'contraflows' in the process of modern migration and remittance. Pacific Studies, 1997, 20: 1–27. [ Links ] 7. O'Meara T. Samoan planters: tradition and economic change in Polynesia. Fort Worth, TX, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1990. [ Links ] 8. Shankman P. Migration and underdevelopment: the case of Western Samoa. Boulder, CO, Westview Press, 1976. [ Links ] 9. Shankman P. Phases of dependency in Western Samoa. Practising Anthropology, 1990, 12: 12–20. [ Links ] 10. Small C. Voyages: from Tongan villages to American suburbs. Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 1997. [ Links ]11. Coyne T. The effect of urbanization and western diet on the health of Pacific island populations. Noumea, New Caledonia, South Pacific Commission, 1984. [ Links ]12. Pollock NJ. These roots remain: food habits in the islands of the central and eastern Pacific since Western contact. Laie, Hawaii, The Institute for Polynesian Studies, 1992. [ Links ]13. Thaman RR. Food for urbanising Polynesian peoples. Proceedings of the Nutritional Society of New Zealand, 1983, 8: 25–37. [ Links ]14. Thaman RR. Health and nutrition in the Pacific islands: development or underdevelopment. GeoJournal, 1988, 16: 211–227. [ Links ]15. Walsh A. Population changes in Tonga: an historical overview and modern commentary. Pacific Viewpoint, 1970, 11: 27–46. [ Links ]16. Collins V, Dowse G, Zimmit P. Prevalence of obesity in Pacific and Indian Ocean populations. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 1990, 10: 529–532. [ Links ]17. Englberger L et al. The Tonga Healthy Weight Loss Program 1995–97. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999, 8: 142–148. [ Links ]18. Hodge A, Dowse G, Zimmet P. Obesity in pacific populations. Pacific Health Dialog, 1996, 3: 77–86. [ Links ]19. Campbell LV. Evolution of the diabetic diet: fats and fallacies. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000, 9: S83–S85. [ Links ] 20. Hermansen K. Diet, blood pressure and hypertension. British Journal of Nutrition, 2000, 83: S113–S119. [ Links ]21. Crowley S. Tonga report on the economic costs of NCDs. Nuku'alofa, Government of Tonga, 2000 (internal report). [ Links ]22. Regional plan for integrated control of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes for the Western Pacific Region, 1998–2003. Manila, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 1998. [ Links ]23. The case of mutton flaps: food dumping in the Pacific. Wainuiomata, South Pacific Consumer Protection Programme (Internet communication, 25 October 2000 at http:// www.spcpp.org.nz/articles/mutton/html). [ Links ]24. Popkins B, Koak C. Obesity epidemic is a worldwide phenomenon. Nutrition Review, 1998, 56: 106–114. [ Links ]25. Seidell JC. Obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes – a worldwide epidemic. British Journal of Nutrition, 2000, 83: S5–S8. [ Links ]26. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity, Geneva, 3–5 June 1997. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1997 (unpublished document WHO/ NUT/NCD/98.1). [ Links ]27. Bruce S. Prevalence and determinants of diabetes mellitus among Metis of western Canada. American Journal of Human Biology, 2000, 12: 542–551. [ Links ]28. Gracey M. Historical, cultural, political, and social influences on dietary patterns and nutrition in Australian aboriginal children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000, 72: S1361–S1367. [ Links ]29. Murphy NJ et al. Dietary change and obesity associated with glucose-intolerance in Alaska natives. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 1995, 95: 676–682. [ Links ]30. Young TK et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Canada's First Nations: status of an epidemic in progress. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2000, 163: 561–566. [ Links ]31. Adler AI et al. Lower prevalence of impaired glucose-tolerance and diabetes associated with daily seal oil or salmon consumption among Alaska natives. Diabetes Care, 1994, 17: 1498–1501. [ Links ]32. Wein EE et al. Nutrient intakes of a sample of First Nations adults with and without diabetes mellitus in central Alberta. Journal of the Canadian Dietetic Association, 1996, 57: 153–161. [ Links ]33. Wein EE, Sabry JH, Evers FT. Food health beliefs and preferences of northern native Canadians. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 1989, 23: 177–188. [ Links ]34. Wolever TMS et al. Low dietary fiber and high protein intakes associated with newly diagnosed diabetes in a remote aboriginal community. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1997, 66: 1470–1474. [ Links ]35. Wolever TMS et al. Low dietary fiber associated with diabetes in a remote aboriginal community in northern Ontario. Diabetes, 1997, 46: 1423–1423. [ Links ]36. Beegom R, Singh RB. Association of higher saturated fat intake with higher risk of hypertension in an urban population of Trivandrum in South India. International Journal of Cardiology, 1997, 58: 63–70. [ Links ]37. Thompson SJ, Gifford SM. Trying to keep a balance: the meaning of health and diabetes in an urban aboriginal community. Social Science and Medicine, 2000, 51: 1457–1472. [ Links ]38. Thompson SJ, Gifford SM, Thorpe L. The social and cultural context of risk and prevention: food and physical activity in an urban aboriginal community. Health and Education Behavior, 2000, 27: 725–743. [ Links ]39. Policy paper addressing the health risks of the high consumption of mutton flaps in Tonga. Nuku'alofa, Kingdom of Tonga, National Food and Nutrition Committee, 1997. [ Links ]40. Scragg R. Noncommunicable diseases prevention and control. Manila, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 1997 (unpublished Mission Report). [ Links ]41. Tupoulahi CS. The socio-cultural antecedents of obesity in Tonga [Dissertation]. Adelaide, The Finders University of South Australia, 1997. [ Links ]42. Sheperd AW. Agricultural marketing in the south Pacific. Apia, Samoa, Food and Agriculture Organization, Subregional Office for the Pacific, 1999. [ Links ]43. Fonua P. Economy: Tonga's shrinking purchasing power. Matangi Tonga, 2000, 15 (3): 14–19. [ Links ]44. Quarterly foreign trade report for January–March 1999. Nuku'alofa, Kingdom of Tonga Statistics Department, 1999. [ Links ] 45. Quarterly foreign trade report for April–June 1999. Nuku'alofa, Kingdom of Tonga Statistics Department, 1999. [ Links ]46. Quarterly foreign trade report for July–September 1999. Nuku'alofa, Kingdom of Tonga Statistics Department, 1999. [ Links ] 47. Quarterly foreign trade report for October–December 1999. Nuku'alofa, Kingdom of Tonga Statistics Department, 1999. [ Links ] 48. Annual Foreign Trade Report for 1989. Nuku'alofa, Kingdom of Tonga Statistics Department, 1990. [ Links ]49. Bettcher DW, Yach D, Guindon GE. Global trade and health: key linkages and future challenges. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2000, 78: 521–534. [ Links ]50. Trading into the future: the introduction to the WTO, Members and Observers. Geneva, World Trade Organization, 2001 (Internet communication, 9 May 2001 at http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm). [ Links ]51. Fiji lamb flap ban praised. Honolulu, Pacific Islands Report, 2000 (Internet communication, 19 October 2000 at http://pidp.ewc.hawaii.edu/PIReport/2000/January/01-07-10.htm). [ Links ]52. Health of Fijians more important than NZ threats. Suva, Fiji Government Press Release, 2001 (Internet communication, 9 May 2001 at http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2001_03/2001_03_15- 01.shtml). [ Links ]53. General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs, 1947. Geneva, General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs, 1986 (Internet communication, 9 May 2001 at http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/final_e.htm). [ Links ] |
