Ciência & Saúde Coletivahttps://www.scielosp.org/feed/csc/2006.v11n2/2017-01-13T00:12:00ZVol. 11 No. 2 - 2006WerkzeugA violência na sociedade contemporânea e suas repercussões na saúde coletivaS1413-812320060002000012017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZMinayo, Maria Cecília de SouzaAssis, Simone Gonçalves deSouza, Edinilsa Ramos de
<em>Minayo, Maria Cecília De Souza</em>;
<em>Assis, Simone Gonçalves De</em>;
<em>Souza, Edinilsa Ramos De</em>;
<br/><br/>
Violence todayS1413-812320060002000022017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZWieviorka, Michel
<em>Wieviorka, Michel</em>;
<br/><br/>
In this paper, the author seeks to approach contemporary violence in its most different expressions, including the use of the most recent developments in biology, bacteriology, chemistry and nuclear physics. The central idea is that violence changes, and with it the way it is perceived and how we react to it. The text, besides putting violence into a historical context, analyzes 1) the big transformation(s) in the world: the end of the cold war, the new industrial structure and its consequences for the decline of the labor movement, globalization and the new forms of victimization; 2) in the second part, the author points to new approaches and characterizes novel contemporary subjects.Violence in real timeS1413-812320060002000032017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZNunes, Everardo Duarte
<em>Nunes, Everardo Duarte</em>;
<br/><br/>
The deterritorrialization of violenceS1413-812320060002000042017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZSento-Sé, João Trajano
<em>Sento-Sé, João Trajano</em>;
<br/><br/>
About "Violence today"S1413-812320060002000052017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZSilva, Luiz Antonio Machado da
<em>Silva, Luiz Antonio Machado Da</em>;
<br/><br/>
Whose death is it, anyway?S1413-812320060002000062017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZSoares, Gláucio Ary Dillon
<em>Soares, Gláucio Ary Dillon</em>;
<br/><br/>
Violence a global public health problemS1413-812320060002000072017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZDahlberg, Linda L.Krug, Etienne G.
<em>Dahlberg, Linda L.</em>;
<em>Krug, Etienne G.</em>;
<br/><br/>
This article is a version of the Introduction to the World Report on Violence and Health, published by the World Health Organization (WHO). It presents a general description about this phenomenon and points some basic questions: concepts and definitions about the theme; the state of knowledge about it; nature and typology on violence; proposal of a quantitative and qualitative approach of an ecological model; responsibilities and functions of the public health sector and its potentiality to prevent and reduce violence in the world; the responsibilities of the nations and the policy makers in a intersetorial point of view; difficulties and obstacles for actuation and challenges for the health sector.Reframing political violence and mental health outcomes: outlining a research and action agenda for Latin America and the Caribbean regionS1413-812320060002000082017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZPedersen, Duncan
<em>Pedersen, Duncan</em>;
<br/><br/>
In recent decades, the number of people exposed to traumatic events has significantly increased as various forms of violence, including war and political upheaval, engulf civilian populations worldwide. In spite of widespread armed conflict, guerrilla warfare and political violence in the Latin American and Caribbean region, insufficient attention had been paid in assessing the medium and long-term psychological impact and additional burden of disease, death, and disability caused by violence and wars amongst civilian populations. Following a review of the literature, a few central questions are raised: What is the short, medium and long-term health impact of extreme and sustained forms of violence in a given population? How political violence is linked to poor mental health outcomes at the individual and collective levels? Are trauma-related disorders, universal outcomes of extreme and sustained violence? These questions lead us to reframe the analysis of political violence and mental health outcomes, and reexamine the notions of trauma, after which a research and action agenda for the region is outlined. In the concluding sections, some basic principles that may prove useful when designing psychosocial interventions in post-conflict situations are reviewed.Large-group psychodynamics and massive violenceS1413-812320060002000092017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZVolkan, Vamik D.
<em>Volkan, Vamik D.</em>;
<br/><br/>
Beginning with Freud, psychoanalytic theories concerning large groups have mainly focused on individuals' perceptions of what their large groups psychologically mean to them. This chapter examines some aspects of large-group psychology in its own right and studies psychodynamics of ethnic, national, religious or ideological groups, the membership of which originates in childhood. I will compare the mourning process in individuals with the mourning process in large groups to illustrate why we need to study large-group psychology as a subject in itself. As part of this discussion I will also describe signs and symptoms of large-group regression. When there is a threat against a large-group's identity, massive violence may be initiated and this violence in turn, has an obvious impact on public health.Violence in Venezuela: oil rent and political crisisS1413-812320060002000102017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZBriceño-León, Roberto
<em>Briceño-León, Roberto</em>;
<br/><br/>
This article analyzes the changes in violence in Venezuela during the last forty years. It links the ups and downs of the oil revenues and the political crisis of the country to the changes in the homicide rates, which increased from 7 per 100 thousand inhabitants in 1970 to 12 in 1990, 19 in 1998 and 50 in 2003. The article characterizes Venezuela as a rentist society and shows its trajectory from rural violence to the beginning of urban violence, the guerilla movements of the 60s, the delinquent violence related to the abundance of oil revenues and the violence during the popular revolt and the sackings of 1989 in Caracas. After this, we analyze the coups d'état of 1992 and the influence the political violence exerted upon criminal violence. We describe the political and party changes in the country, their influence upon the stabilization of homicide rates since the mid-90s and their remarkable increase during the H. Chávez government. The article finishes with an analysis of the current situation, the official prohibition to publish statistics on homicides and with some thoughts about the perspective of greater violence in Venezuela.Mortes e crimes cometidos com armas de fogo na cidade autônoma de Buenos Aires, 2002S1413-812320060002000112017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZSpinelli, HugoAlazraqui, MarcioZunino, GabrielaOlaeta, HernánPoggese, HéctorConcaro, CarolaPorterie, Sidonie
<em>Spinelli, Hugo</em>;
<em>Alazraqui, Marcio</em>;
<em>Zunino, Gabriela</em>;
<em>Olaeta, Hernán</em>;
<em>Poggese, Héctor</em>;
<em>Concaro, Carola</em>;
<em>Porterie, Sidonie</em>;
<br/><br/>
A violência se constitui em um dos problemas mais graves da América Latina. O uso de pequenas e leves armas de fogo é considerada a principal responsável por este fato. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi descobrir, a partir de dados do setor saúde, da justiça e da polícia, o número de mortes e crimes envolvendo armas de fogo ocorridos na cidade de Buenos Aires em 2002. Os dados sobre mortalidade e crimes foram obtidos dos Sistemas Nacionais de Estatísticas Vitais e Informação Criminal e os dados sobre apreensão de armas de fogo foram disponibilizados pela Polícia Federal. Utilizaram-se também dados de uma investigação anterior realizada por meio de entrevistas domiciliares a respeito de vitimização por armas de fogo. Durante o período ocorreram 1.304 mortes violentas, dos quais 23.7% corresponderam a mortes provocadas por armas de fogo. Dos 171 indiciamentos policiais por homicídio doloso, 60% haviam sido cometidos com armas de fogo. Das 2.108 pessoas entrevistadas, 6,7% haviam sido vítimas de um crime cometido com arma de fogo. Foram apreendidas 1.887 armas de fogo. A taxa de eventos violentos registrados foi maior nas delegacias da zona sudoeste da cidade, que se caracteriza por condições de vida mais precárias. O impacto da violência e sua relação com armas de fogo constitui-se em um tema relevante da agenda pública.From repression to prevention against violence: a challenge posed to civil society and the health sectorS1413-812320060002000122017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZConcha-Eastman, AlbertoMalo, Miguel
<em>Concha-Eastman, Alberto</em>;
<em>Malo, Miguel</em>;
<br/><br/>
This article deals with the proposal of the Pan American Health Organization for the prevention of violence, following the precepts of the "World report on violence and health" of the WHO. In this analysis the authors distinguish the approach of public safety (generally based on repression) from the way public health approaches this issue, based on the traditional concepts that constitute its patrimony: promotion of health, prevention of physical and emotional injuries, and the strengthening of citizenship. The authors show that the health sector has already embraced the issue definitively but that even so the problem is still far from occupying the outstanding place it deserves in the public health agenda, together with other health problems of the contemporaneous populations of the world and the Americas. The text concludes establishing a link between prevention of violence and the Millennium development goals, which in principle urge society for taking action towards human rights, solidarity and quality of life.The effects of the armed conflict on the life and health in ColombiaS1413-812320060002000132017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZFranco, SaúlSuarez, Clara MercedesNaranjo, Claudia BeatrizBáez, Liliana CarolinaRozo, Patricia
<em>Franco, Saúl</em>;
<em>Suarez, Clara Mercedes</em>;
<em>Naranjo, Claudia Beatriz</em>;
<em>Báez, Liliana Carolina</em>;
<em>Rozo, Patricia</em>;
<br/><br/>
This article is an approach to the consequences of the internal armed conflict that Colombia has lived during the last four decades. It starts with the identification of the conflict's context and its current characteristics. It then focuses on the different manifestations and consequences of the conflict and on their deep impact on the life, quality of life, health, disease, and health services of the population. In special we refer to the high homicide rates, forced internal displacement, kidnapping and the use of antipersonnel mines. Among the most affected groups are young men, women, children, and ethnic minorities such as indigenous and afro-american people. This analysis also refers to the frequent violations of International Humanitarian Law and to the negative impact of violence on the provision of health services. Finally, general conclusions are drawn, and alternatives for studies on the problem and for possible solutions from the standpoint of the health sector are proposed.The panorama of urban violence in Brazil and its capitalsS1413-812320060002000142017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZSouza, Edinilsa Ramos deLima, Maria Luiza Carvalho de
<em>Souza, Edinilsa Ramos De</em>;
<em>Lima, Maria Luiza Carvalho De</em>;
<br/><br/>
This article presents a descriptive epidemiological analysis of accidents and violence in Brazil and in the Brazilian capitals in recent years. The data used were made available by several sources: the Mortality Information System and the Hospital Information System of the Ministry of Health; the National Safety Department of the Ministry of Justice and the National Department of Transit of the Ministry of the Cities. The population data for the years 2002 and 2003 were made available by the DATASUS of the Ministry of Health. The authors emphasize some already known aspects: the high homicide rates and high death rates due to traffic accidents, the concentration of these events in the population of young black males and the complexity and multiplicity of determinants of these phenomena. The text points to a new scenery involving the spreading of homicides to neighbor communities of metropolitan areas and to the inner regions of the States. They further verify higher morbidity than mortality rates. It calls attention to Porto Velho, Macapá, Vitória, Rio de Janeiro and Cuiabá with the highest indicators for intentional violence - high rates of homicides and injuries - and to Palmas, with high death rates from traffic accidents and non-fatal victims per 10 thousand vehicles.The inclusion of violence in the health agenda: historical trajectoryS1413-812320060002000152017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZMinayo, Maria Cecília de Souza
<em>Minayo, Maria Cecília De Souza</em>;
<br/><br/>
In this article, I seek to provide a systematic record of the historical trajectory of the inclusion of accidents and violence as a legitimate issue of the health area. It will be shown that the process is not concluded, and that it is going on under the pressure of actors and by force of the circumstances. In the beginning, the issue finds a restricted space in the health agenda through the concepts "accidents, injuries and traumas". Since the second half of the 20th century, the rights of different social subjects are incorporated, ranging from observation and notification of violent acts against children, women, the elderly, to the discussion of social violence in its broadest sense, affecting the health of populations. In Brazil, this doubtlessly slow and intermittent process shows some attempts and a pioneer action of the Ministry of Health, carried out in cooperation with and under pressure of social, academic and professional movements: a diagnosis of morbidity and mortality from all kinds of violence, documenting a national policy towards reduction of accidents and violence on national level.Diagnostic characterization of services providing care to victims of accidents and violence in five Brazilian state capitalsS1413-812320060002000162017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZDeslandes, Suely FerreiraSouza, Edinilsa Ramos deMinayo, Maria Cecília de SouzaCosta, Cláudia Regina B. Sampaio Fernandes daKrempel, MárciaCavalcanti, Maria de LourdesLima, Maria Luiza Carvalho deMoysés, Samuel JorgeLeal, Maria LúciaCarmo, Cleber Nascimento do
<em>Deslandes, Suely Ferreira</em>;
<em>Souza, Edinilsa Ramos De</em>;
<em>Minayo, Maria Cecília De Souza</em>;
<em>Costa, Cláudia Regina B. Sampaio Fernandes Da</em>;
<em>Krempel, Márcia</em>;
<em>Cavalcanti, Maria De Lourdes</em>;
<em>Lima, Maria Luiza Carvalho De</em>;
<em>Moysés, Samuel Jorge</em>;
<em>Leal, Maria Lúcia</em>;
<em>Carmo, Cleber Nascimento Do</em>;
<br/><br/>
This article characterizes the services providing care to victims in five Brazilian regions with high violence and accident rates. It analyzes care activities and strategies, the profile of the teams, the conditions of installations, equipment and supplies, integrated care and registration services and the opinion of health managers with respect to the needs and requirements for a better care to the victims. The sample is composed by 103 services: 34 from Recife, 25 from Rio de Janeiro, 18 from Manaus, 18 from Curitiba and 8 from Brasília. The still preliminary results indicate: lower number of services focusing on the elderly; scarce investment in preventive actions; the principal actions carried out are social assistance, ambulatory and hospital care and psychological assistance; patients received from Basic Health Units require attention of the communities and families; need for investment in capacity building programs for professionals; precarious registries, data handled manually. The wording of the National Policy for Reduction of Morbidity and Mortality from Accidents and Violence is not well-known and there is a lack of articulation among and inside sectors and between prehospital and emergency care services. Rehabilitation services are insufficient in all cities.Success and limitations in the prevention of violence: a case study of nine Brazilian experiencesS1413-812320060002000172017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZGomes, RomeuMinayo, Maria Cecília de SouzaAssis, Simone Gonçalves deNjaine, KathieSchenker, Miriam
<em>Gomes, Romeu</em>;
<em>Minayo, Maria Cecília De Souza</em>;
<em>Assis, Simone Gonçalves De</em>;
<em>Njaine, Kathie</em>;
<em>Schenker, Miriam</em>;
<br/><br/>
The present study analyzes the success of Brazilian experiences engaged in prevention of violence as well as their limitations, and seeks to show ways for a solution of the problem. The investigation underlying this article consisted in a case study of nine experiences, using triangulation of methods. For this purpose, we used questionnaires and interviewed individuals and groups. Successful results were mainly: informed citizenship, work preparation, involvement of children and adolescents in recreating and educative activities, and increased self-esteem of the children and teens involved in the experiences. The greatest difficulties found were the lack of funds and of articulation of proposals with other groups and institutions. These experiences are not the only successful ones carried out in the country, but they point to a new horizon by innovating and creating a different practical approach to violence.The impact of suicide on morbidity and mortality in the population of ItabiraS1413-812320060002000182017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZSouza, Edinilsa Ramos deMinayo, Maria Cecília de SouzaCavalcante, Fátima Gonçalves
<em>Souza, Edinilsa Ramos De</em>;
<em>Minayo, Maria Cecília De Souza</em>;
<em>Cavalcante, Fátima Gonçalves</em>;
<br/><br/>
The suicide rates in Itabira, a city with 100,000 inhabitants, are higher than those of the Brazilian population. To understand the phenomenon we investigated morbidity and mortality through a descriptive epidemiological study, with emphasis to external causes and specific subgroups. Suicide was studied according to the characteristics of victims and events. The period studied was 1990-2001. Mortality data were collected from the Mortality Information System and morbidity data for the year 2000 from the Hospital Admission Authorization System. An active data search on suicide over the period 1996-2001 based on sex, age and occupation of the victim, month of occurrence and method used in completed and attempted suicides was conducted at the local notary's office and at the state police headquarters. Based on these data we calculated proportions, rates and mean values. The populations used for calculating the rates were extracted from the DATASUS base. Results indicated an increasing tendency to suicide among men, coinciding with the economical crisis caused by the reorganization of the iron production process in this mono-industrial city. Suicide attempts were more frequent among housewives, housekeepers and students. The mostly used methods were hanging and firearms. Relevant means used in suicide attempts were nonmedicinal substances, drugs and medicaments.Brazilian responses to violence and new forms of mediation: the case of the Grupo Cultural AfroReggae and the experience of the project "Youth and the Police"S1413-812320060002000192017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZRamos, Sílvia
<em>Ramos, Sílvia</em>;
<br/><br/>
This article discusses some aspects of the Brazilian response to urban violence, focusing both official public safety policies and actions of the civil society. The text identifies the lack of a national public safety policy, indicates successful governmental experiences carried out in some states and municipalities, and concentrates on the actions of the police. Analyzing the responses of the civil society, the paper is emphasizing the campaign for disarming the population and the role played by the media. It shows the appearance of groups of young people living in the favelas, organized in turn of cultural experiences that, in multiple aspects, are characterized as "new mediators" in society. These groups thematize violence and try to build new stereotypes dissociating them from the image of criminality. The article describes in particular the cases of the Grupo Cultural AfroReggae, of Rio de Janeiro, and the pilot experience carried out in collaboration with the Minas Gerais Military Police, called "Youth and the Police". The AfroReggae group is a typical example of such a "new mediator", and the initiative of carrying out a work in cooperation with the police opens new perspectives for the traditionally scarce participation of civil organizations engaged in public safety in cooperative projects with the police.Networks for prevention of violence: from utopia to actionS1413-812320060002000202017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZNjaine, KathieAssis, Simone Gonçalves deGomes, RomeuMinayo, Maria Cecília de Souza
<em>Njaine, Kathie</em>;
<em>Assis, Simone Gonçalves De</em>;
<em>Gomes, Romeu</em>;
<em>Minayo, Maria Cecília De Souza</em>;
<br/><br/>
This article aims to discuss the experience of networks for the protection of people exposed to situations of violence or prevention networks. It is based on the concept created by Castells, who defines the information age. This study is part of the investigation "Successful experiences in the prevention of violence", carried out by the Latin-American Center for Studies on Violence Jorge Careli/ENSP-IFF/Fiocruz, in cooperation with the Secretariat for Health Survey of the Ministry of Health. The article analyzes the possibilities and limitations in the construction of networks for the prevention of violence, seeking to understand the sense of actions and movements carried out in networks. The method we used is a case study of two network initiatives in the Southern region of the country. In terms of results, in face of the difficulties of working in networks, we found it to be necessary: to break with sectorial and vertical actions; to promote constant communication and interchange of information; to permanently train the professionals and persons involved in the network, incorporating them into the protective and preventive actions; and to promote the participation of wide social sectors. In conclusion, one can affirm that the construction of a protection network involves complex steps, looking to the same problem with new eyes and a new vision for planting solutions.Integrated assessment of environment and health: America's children and the environmentS1413-812320060002000212017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZKyle, Amy D.Woodruff, Tracey J.Axelrad, Daniel A.
<em>Kyle, Amy D.</em>;
<em>Woodruff, Tracey J.</em>;
<em>Axelrad, Daniel A.</em>;
<br/><br/>
There is a need for systematic approaches to assessment of environmental factors most relevant to health, health outcomes most influenced by the environment, and relationships between them, as well as for approaches to representing results of such assessments in policy deliberations. As a step in the development of such methods, we used findings and data from environmental protection and public health sectors to develop a set of measures representing topics relevant to children's environmental health. We used a definition of the environment that emphasized contaminants and a process that involved both analytic and deliberative elements. The steps in this process were to: a) develop a conceptual framework to depict relationships between environment and health with relevant types of data and information, b) select topic areas of significance for children, c) identify best available data sources and devise measures, d) assess possible surrogate data sources and measures when needed, e) design and implement metrics for computation of measures; f) select graphical representations of measures, g) identify related measures, and h) identify data gaps. Representatives of policy and stakeholder audiences participated in this process.Violence against children: a global reportS1413-812320060002000222017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZPinheiro, Paulo Sérgio
<em>Pinheiro, Paulo Sérgio</em>;
<br/><br/>
Perfil dos internos no sistema prisional do Rio de Janeiro: especificidades de gênero no processo de exclusão socialS1413-812320060002000232017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZCarvalho, Márcia Lazaro deValente, Joaquim GonçalvesAssis, Simone Gonçalves deVasconcelos, Ana Glória Godoi
<em>Carvalho, Márcia Lazaro De</em>;
<em>Valente, Joaquim Gonçalves</em>;
<em>Assis, Simone Gonçalves De</em>;
<em>Vasconcelos, Ana Glória Godoi</em>;
<br/><br/>
O estudo do perfil sociodemográfico, história penal, uso de drogas e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis da população carcerária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em 1998, permitiu conhecer diferentes características da população prisional por sexo. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar se o perfil de exclusão social a que essa população é submetida difere quanto ao sexo. Foram entrevistados 2.039 presos por estudo seccional, e utilizada a razão de prevalência como medida de associação entre sexo e as demais variáveis. A análise multivariada, através de regressão logística, compõe um modelo final de explicação dessas diferenças. A população é jovem, de baixa escolaridade, e apresenta ruptura de vínculos da vida social em várias dimensões para ambos os sexos. Fatores mais fortemente associados ao sexo masculino: visita íntima na prisão, estar preso por sete anos ou mais, ser casado, condenação por roubo, ter ainda três anos ou mais a cumprir de pena e uso de maconha antes de ser preso; para o sexo feminino: doença sexualmente transmissível, ser viúva, estrangeira, usar tranqüilizante na prisão, ter visitado alguém na prisão antes de ser presa e ter 35 anos ou mais. A análise dos dados permitiu concluir que embora esses homens e mulheres sejam igualmente excluídos da "vida social" muito antes e também depois da prisão, existem algumas características que os diferenciam nesse processo de injustiça social.Representações sociais de profissionais de saúde sobre o consumo de drogas: um olhar numa perspectiva de gêneroS1413-812320060002000242017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZOliveira, Jeane Freitas dePaiva, Mirian SantosValente, Camila L. M.
<em>Oliveira, Jeane Freitas De</em>;
<em>Paiva, Mirian Santos</em>;
<em>Valente, Camila L. M.</em>;
<br/><br/>
Estudo de caráter qualitativo, desenvolvido com objetivo de apreender as representações sociais de profissionais de saúde sobre o consumo de drogas, numa perspectiva de gênero. Os dados foram coletados de março a julho de 2004, através da observação participante, em uma unidade de saúde especializada na assistência a pessoas usuárias de drogas em Salvador-Bahia; e de entrevista semi-estruturada com 19 profissionais que atuam na referida unidade. Os dados foram submetidos à técnica de análise de conteúdo temática, sendo identificadas duas categorias: o consumo de drogas como uma forma de enfrentar a vida; o ocultamento das mulheres usuárias. O contexto de atuação dos profissionais revelou diferentes realidades em relação às mulheres que consomem drogas, que vão de encontro às representações dos profissionais sobre este grupo populacional. Ressaltamos a influência do contexto na elaboração das representações sociais. Visando uma assistência humanizada e equânime, sugerimos ampliação da abordagem de gênero para os entrevistados e a inclusão de outros profissionais em estudos como este.O corpo cúmplice da vida: considerações a partir dos depoimentos de mulheres obesas de uma favela cariocaS1413-812320060002000252017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZFerreira, Vanessa AlvesMagalhães, Rosana
<em>Ferreira, Vanessa Alves</em>;
<em>Magalhães, Rosana</em>;
<br/><br/>
O presente artigo apresenta conclusões de uma pesquisa desenvolvida na ENSP/Fiocruz, como parte do curso de mestrado, sobre a relação entre pobreza e obesidade a partir da apreensão da construção simbólica em torno do corpo. A pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar as percepções acerca do corpo de um grupo de mulheres obesas moradoras de uma favela carioca, a partir do emprego da metodologia qualitativa, utilizando a técnica da entrevista semi-estruturada. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho revelaram que entre as mulheres da Rocinha vigoravam padrões próprios de corpo que pouco se vinculavam a atributos estéticos. A obesidade era percebida de forma diferenciada pelas mulheres investigadas. Ela era sentida através de sintomas clínicos tais como: "dor nas pernas", "dor na coluna", "falta de ar", "menor disposição". Foi possível, ainda, verificar que o corpo obeso era por vezes valorizado no grupo, vinculando-se ao trabalho e à condição social. Tais resultados nos conduzem a acreditar que a obesidade assume contornos próprios nos diferentes contextos e grupos sociais. Por essa razão, acreditamos ser necessária a realização de novas agendas de investigação sobre a temática da obesidade no Brasil.A gerontologia como campo do conhecimento científico: conceito, interesses e projeto políticoS1413-812320060002000262017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZPrado, Shirley DonizeteSayd, Jane Dutra
<em>Prado, Shirley Donizete</em>;
<em>Sayd, Jane Dutra</em>;
<br/><br/>
Discutimos a gerontologia em suas pretensões de constituir-se como a ciência do envelhecimento no Brasil. Consideramos o pensamento de Stengers, que defende a idéia de que o desenvolvimento de um conceito e o despertar de interesses em diferentes setores da sociedade, articulados a um projeto político, constituem-se em pilares fundamentais para o estabelecimento de um campo científico. Identificamos limitações conceituais importantes envolvendo a delimitação da velhice e do envelhecimento, bem como problemas referentes a hierarquias entre domínios internos à gerontologia e a outros campos do conhecimento. A despeito dos importantes interesses suscitados quando a velhice está em questão, a gerontologia parece estar num plano muito limitado como parque científico e como massa crítica para a produção de pesquisas de ponta. Parece-nos que o momento atual de elaboração de um projeto político para a gerontologia está situado no espaço da tentativa de incorporação do discurso epistemológico, a partir de uma perspectiva que nos faz pensar na necessidade do aprofundamento da abordagem teórica acerca do conceito que pretende capturar; sob pena de não avançar na constituição de um importante conjunto de pesquisadores brasileiros de ponta, inseridos no cenário internacional da produção de conhecimento sobre o ser que envelhece.O processo de construção de mapas de risco em um hospital públicoS1413-812320060002000272017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZHökerberg, Yara Hahr MarquesSantos, Maria Angélica Borges dosPassos, Sonia Regina LambertRozemberg, BraniCotias, Paulo Marcelo TenórioAlves, LuciMattos, Ubirajara Aloízio de Oliveira
<em>Hökerberg, Yara Hahr Marques</em>;
<em>Santos, Maria Angélica Borges Dos</em>;
<em>Passos, Sonia Regina Lambert</em>;
<em>Rozemberg, Brani</em>;
<em>Cotias, Paulo Marcelo Tenório</em>;
<em>Alves, Luci</em>;
<em>Mattos, Ubirajara Aloízio De Oliveira</em>;
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O artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a experiência de construção coletiva do mapa de risco em um hospital público, no município do Rio de Janeiro, fundamentada nos conceitos de biossegurança, qualidade total e vigilância em saúde do trabalhador. Partiu da etapa de sensibilização dos trabalhadores e gestores do hospital, da identificação dos riscos, da elaboração do mapa, até a discussão sobre as medidas preventivas e a apresentação dos resultados pelos trabalhadores em centro de estudos. A elaboração do mapa de risco serviu como um processo educativo, que possibilitou socializar conceitos da área de saúde do trabalhador, integrar os trabalhadores, sistematizar o processo de trabalho e refletir sobre a forma de organização do trabalho, gerando desdobramentos práticos sob o ponto de vista da intervenção no ambiente de trabalho.Pierre Bourdieu, o corpo e a saúde: algumas possibilidades teóricasS1413-812320060002000282017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZMontagner, Miguel Ângelo
<em>Montagner, Miguel Ângelo</em>;
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Este artigo busca mapear histórica e teoricamente as incursões de Pierre Bourdieu na área da saúde, os reflexos diretos dessas pesquisas em suas obras bem como, indiretamente, nos trabalhos dos pesquisadores ligados à sua perspectiva teórica ou que tenham com ele trabalhado. Com esse painel em mãos, analisamos e propomos alguns apontamentos teóricos sobre a teoria da práxis de Bourdieu, intentando alinhavar alguns possíveis desdobramentos para as pesquisas na área da saúde.Um recorte transversal da objetivação reificante na relação terapeuta/clienteS1413-812320060002000292017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZBarbosa, Everaldo Tôrres
<em>Barbosa, Everaldo Tôrres</em>;
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Não é por acaso que as duas grandes obras da maturidade de Marx, cujo objetivo é descrever o conjunto da sociedade capitalista e pôr a nu o seu caráter fundamental, começam por uma análise da mercadoria. Com efeito, nesta etapa da evolução da humanidade não há problema que não nos remeta, em última análise, para esta questão, e cuja solução não deva ser procurada na solução do enigma da estrutura da mercadoria. Quando nos debruçamos sobre a relação dos profissionais da saúde com o cliente, cujo olhar da biomedicina sustentou e demarcou funções objetivadas e mecanicistas, observamos que a busca de compreensão de Marx diante do capitalismo não deixa de ter a mesma concepção mercantilista nesta relação, cunhada de racionalista.Impacto da violência na saúde dos brasileirosS1413-812320060002000302017-01-13T00:12:00Z2017-01-13T00:12:00ZMorgado, Rosana
<em>Morgado, Rosana</em>;
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