Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologiahttps://www.scielosp.org/feed/rbepid/2013.v16n3/2017-01-10T00:03:00ZVol. 16 No. 3 - 2013WerkzeugAssociated factors to self-rated health among hypertensive and/or diabetic elderly: results from Bambui project10.1590/S1415-790X20130003000012017-01-10T00:03:00Z2017-01-10T00:03:00ZLoyola Filho, Antonio Ignacio deFirmo, Joselia de Oliveira AraujoUchoa, ElizabethLima-Costa, Maria Fernanda
<em>Loyola Filho, Antonio Ignacio De</em>;
<em>Firmo, Joselia De Oliveira Araujo</em>;
<em>Uchoa, Elizabeth</em>;
<em>Lima-Costa, Maria Fernanda</em>;
<br/><br/>
Objective: This study investigated the associated factors with negative self-rated health among hypertensive and/or diabetic elderly. Methods: All the participants of Bambuí Project elderly cohort who suffered from hypertension and/or diabetes and who answered the questionnaire without the help of a close informant were selected for this (n = 942). Covariates encompassed sociodemographic characteristics, social support, health behaviors, health status and use of health services. Results: Negative self-rated health showed positively associated with dissatisfaction with social relations (PR = 1.98, 95%CI 1.42 - 2.76), attendance at religious services less than once a month (PR = 1.96, 95%CI 1.44 - 2.68; be smokers (PR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.24 - 2.17), presence of arthritis (PR = 1.35, 95%CI 1.07 - 1.71), depressive symptoms (PR = 1.81, 95%CI 1.37 - 2.39) and insomnia (PR = 1.37, 95%CI 1.06 - 1.78), having consulted the doctor two or more times in the last twelve months (PR = 2.18; 95%CI 1.14 - 4.19 and PR = 3.96; 95%CI 2.10 - 7.48, respectively for "2 - 3" and "4+" visits), and have hypertension and diabetes (compared to the isolated presence of hypertension) Conclusions: Our results confirmed the multidimensional nature of self-rated health and were consistent with that observed in other national and international studies.Risk and protective factors for non communicable diseases in the Belo Horizonte population: Vigitel 200810.1590/S1415-790X20130003000022017-01-10T00:03:00Z2017-01-10T00:03:00ZDuarte, Bruna MaraBernal, Regina Tomie IvataMalta, Deborah Carvalho
<em>Duarte, Bruna Mara</em>;
<em>Bernal, Regina Tomie Ivata</em>;
<em>Malta, Deborah Carvalho</em>;
<br/><br/>
Introduction: The Non Communicable Diseases (NCD) are the main causes of death in, having known, avoidable the Risk Factor (RF) and susceptible to intervention. Objective: Identify the prevalence of RF and protection for NCD in the Belo Horizonte, 2008. Methodology: Data were analyzed from Vigitel, in Belo Horizonte, 2008. They are presented to the frequencies of RF according to gender, schooling, and calculated the p-value and the PR. Results: Men showed more frequencie in the following RF: higher consumption of meat and milk with fats, soft drinks, abusive consumption of alcohol, drive after drinking, ex-smokers. Men presented in relation to protective factors statistically significant differences in consumption of beans and leisure-time physical activity. Women had the highest frequencies in the consumption of fruits and vegetables, protection against ultraviolet radiation, self-assessment of health as poor, and declared more morbidities such as: arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, asthma and osteoporosis. Adults with low levels of education compared with high education (reference) presented the following PR: smoke PR 2.09 (95%CI 1.43 - 3.05); consumption of 20 cigarettes and more PR 2.54 (95%CI 1.19 - 5.43); overweight PR 1.27 (95%CI 1.02 - 1.56); obesity PR 1.6 (95%CI 1.04 - 2.47); consumption of soft drinks PR 2,07 (95%CI 1.51 - 2.83); consumption of fruit and vegetable intake PR 0.53 (95%CI 0.40 - 0.72); consumption of beans PR 1.15 (95%CI 1.05 - 1.27); watch TV PR 1.33 (95%CI 1.00 - 1.77); driving after alcohol consumption PR 0.14 (95%CI 0.04 - 0.53); hypertension PR 1.75 (95%CI 1.37 - 2.24); diabetes PR 2.24 (95%CI 1.23 - 4.09). Conclusion: The telephone surveys are an important method to monitor the distribution of risk and protective factors in the population and to permit to orient health promotion programs and prevention.Breast cancer mortality among patients attending a cancer hospital, Vitoria, ES10.1590/S1415-790X20130003000032017-01-10T00:03:00Z2017-01-10T00:03:00ZAlbrecht, Cristina Arthmar MentzAmorim, Maria Helena CostaZandonade, ElianaViana, KatiaCalheiros, Juliana Oliosi
<em>Albrecht, Cristina Arthmar Mentz</em>;
<em>Amorim, Maria Helena Costa</em>;
<em>Zandonade, Eliana</em>;
<em>Viana, Katia</em>;
<em>Calheiros, Juliana Oliosi</em>;
<br/><br/>
This study aimed to investigate the association between mortality of breast cancer women and the social-demographic and clinical characteristics. During the mortality study of 1,086 women diagnosed with breast cancer and treated from 2000 to 2005 at a cancer hospital in the city of Vitória, Espírito Santo, medical records and tumor registration cards were controlled. The Mortality Information System and the Reclink program were used to identify 280 deaths. Patients were classified under death and non-death, and variables percentages were calculated. For variables that showed statistical significance, considering the level of 0.10, the crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) were calculated by logistic regression model. There was a correlation between mortality and the following variables: women coming from the Unified Health System (p = 0.014; OR = 2.38), negative c-erb B-2 tumor marker (p = 0.027; OR = 2.03), advanced (III and IV) staging (p = 0.001; OR = 6.89 and OR = 17.13, respectively), presence of metastasis (p = 0.001; OR = 18.23) and recurrence (p = 0.010; OR = 3.53). Mortality associated with staging underlines the necessity of warning the population about the benefits of early diagnosis of the disease of cancer.Epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in the city of Belo Horizonte (MG), from 2002 to 200810.1590/S1415-790X20130003000042017-01-10T00:03:00Z2017-01-10T00:03:00ZReis, Dener Carlos dosAlmeida, Thiara Amanda Correa deQuites, Humberto Ferreira de OliveiraSampaio, Mariana Mattar
<em>Reis, Dener Carlos Dos</em>;
<em>Almeida, Thiara Amanda Correa De</em>;
<em>Quites, Humberto Ferreira De Oliveira</em>;
<em>Sampaio, Mariana Mattar</em>;
<br/><br/>
Objective: To assess the epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, from 2002 to 2008. Methods: For descriptive epidemiological study, the data were obtained from the municipal National Health Surveillance System, after obtaining approval from the Research Ethics Committee at the City Health Department. Incidence coefficient, average rates and stratified data analysis with significance level of p ≤ 0.05 were calculated. Results: About 7.590 new tuberculosis cases were reported between 2002 and 2008. There was a slight reduction in the number of cases throughout the historical trend, with an average annual incidence rate of 46/100,000 inhabitants. The study also showed a male gender ratio of 1.84:1, a higher incidence coefficient in the age group between 40 and 59 years old (73/100,000) and a higher incidence of tuberculosis among people who only had primary education level. Pulmonary tuberculosis was the most prevalent form in every year of the study (p < 0,001). Among the cases reported with associated diseases, alcoholism was registered in 47.9% and AIDS in 34.5%. Between 2002 and 2008, there was an increasing trend of cases treated under Directly Observed Treatment, accounting for 29.5% in total. Cure percentage rate was below the expected result (67.3%) and non-adherence to treatment showed a high total percentage (17.9%). Conclusion: The results indicated that tuberculosis control actions need to be intensified with investments on professional training, systemic audits of the information system, improved integration between AIDS/tuberculosis programs and raising awareness of the disease with the goal of mobilizing the society.Spatial distribution of dengue disease in municipality of Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, using the Geographic Information System10.1590/S1415-790X20130003000052017-01-10T00:03:00Z2017-01-10T00:03:00ZBessa Junior, Francisco NarcisioNunes, Renan Flavio de FrancaSouza, Marcos Antonio deMedeiros, Antonio Carlos deMarinho, Maria Jocileide de MedeirosPereira, Wogelsanger Oliveira
<em>Bessa Junior, Francisco Narcisio</em>;
<em>Nunes, Renan Flavio De Franca</em>;
<em>Souza, Marcos Antonio De</em>;
<em>Medeiros, Antonio Carlos De</em>;
<em>Marinho, Maria Jocileide De Medeiros</em>;
<em>Pereira, Wogelsanger Oliveira</em>;
<br/><br/>
The dengue viral infection is one of the most relevant vector-borne diseases in the world. The disease can manifest in a variety of forms, from asymptomatic to a condition of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). The last reported cases in Brazil correspond to 80% of the cases reported in the Americas, which emphasizes the magnitude of the problem. This study was conducted using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, in order to evaluate the spatial distribution of the disease in the urban area of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte. In the period between 2001 and 2007, 867 new cases were listed. About 85.7% of the addresses were georeferenced, with a larger number of cases, 14.8%, in the neighborhoods of Santo Antônio and Santa Delmira (north region), and 11.7% in the neighborhoods of Conjunto Vingt-Rosado and Alto de São Manoel (east region). There were 18 confirmed cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever associated with regions with the highest incidence of classic cases of the disease. The use of Geographic Information System (GIS) proved a great benefit for better visualization of the endemic, especially in elucidating the actual distribution of dengue cases in the county and providing an effective tool for planning the monitoring of the disease at a local level.Realities of leprosy control: updating scenarios10.1590/S1415-790X20130003000062017-01-10T00:03:00Z2017-01-10T00:03:00ZGoncalves, Aguinaldo
<em>Goncalves, Aguinaldo</em>;
<br/><br/>
In the light of successive therapeutical difficulties for leprosy control, the application of drug therapy combination over the last decades has brought about an expectation of cure for leprosy patients and also for the elimination of this illness as a Public Health problem. However, there has been a progressive reduction in the prevalence of leprosy, but without any apparent impact on transmission, which has led to recognized need for solid assessment of respective epidemiological evidence as grounds for interventions to solve the problem. In this regard, here we present a retroanalytical qualitative and quantitative study, combined with a prospective diachronic approach, based on the association of documental review techniques and analysis of content, involving the following phases in succession: assembly of an operational scheme, execution of search strategy, application of criteria, selection of studies, data extraction and processing, implementation of analysis plan and preparation of final text. The appropriate execution of the procedures, as applied, allows us to obtain and discuss the identification of three main scenarios: the elimination of the illness as a public health problem (Neglected Illness); therapeutic aspects (Resistance; Relapse; Non-Adherence; Persistence) and complexity (complications and physical incapacities). The conclusions that have been reached indicate,mainly, that the reality of leprosy control with the use of combination drug therapy, still needs to be handled with care, even more so as this is just a fragment of the set of people once under medical attention, which also correspond to a parcel of the set of people affected by the ailment.Weight and height of people living with HIV/AIDS attended by the Brazilian National Health System10.1590/S1415-790X20130003000072017-01-10T00:03:00Z2017-01-10T00:03:00ZBassichetto, Katia CristinaBergamaschi, Denise PimentelFrainer, Deivis Elton SchlickmannGarcia, Vania Regina SallesTrovoes, Edina Aparecida Tramarin
<em>Bassichetto, Katia Cristina</em>;
<em>Bergamaschi, Denise Pimentel</em>;
<em>Frainer, Deivis Elton Schlickmann</em>;
<em>Garcia, Vania Regina Salles</em>;
<em>Trovoes, Edina Aparecida Tramarin</em>;
<br/><br/>
The nutritional status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is related to morbidity and mortality and its monitoring is important in the maintenance of the health status. This is a cross-sectional study carried out in Brazilian National Health System in the Municipality of São Paulo. It describes anthropometrical characteristics: weight and height; indices of weight for height (W/H), height for age (H/A), body mass index for age (BMI/A) and Z score for height and weight. The study includes 772 participants from all ages: children, adolescents, adults and elderly. The graphical analysis shows that in under-5s and in the 5 to 19 years old group, the W/H, the H/A and the BMI/A curves are similar to the reference population with an exception in the H/A for 5 to 19 years old group which is left-shifted (mean Z = -0.66). In the case of adults, graphics for the study population show median weight apparently lower than in the reference population for most age groups in the case of men, and when age is greater in women. The proportion of people over 20 years old with AIDS on anti-retroviral therapy is lower when coinfection is present (p < 0.001). The findings of the study showed that, for children and adolescents with HIV/AIDS, the average weight and height are lower than the values for non infected population. For adults and elderly, the weight average is lower than the reference population with a worsening among coinfected patients. This underscores the need to direct more effort in nutritional actions thus helping enhance the health status of this group.Injuries caused by venomous animals and folk medicine in farmers from Cuite, State of Paraiba, Northeast of Brazil10.1590/S1415-790X20130003000082017-01-10T00:03:00Z2017-01-10T00:03:00ZOliveira, Hellyson Fidel Araujo deCosta, Cristiane Francisca daSassi, Roberto
<em>Oliveira, Hellyson Fidel Araujo De</em>;
<em>Costa, Cristiane Francisca Da</em>;
<em>Sassi, Roberto</em>;
<br/><br/>
Injuries caused by venomous animals reported by the agricultural workers from the municipality of Cuité, Curimataú region of Paraiba State, Northeast of Brazil, and the practices of folk medicine which they use to treat these cases were studied in this work from June to August 2010. The farmers studied aged from 11 to 90 years. The number of people who reported cases of injury by these animals in their families was high (89.3%). Scorpions, wasps, bees and snakes were the most cited and the extremities of the body (hands, feet, legs and head) were the most affected. The practice of folk medicine to treat these injuries includes various procedures ranging from ritualistic treatments, use of animals or parts of them, and some herbal preparations. The folk treatment was reported as effective by most of the workers injured (63.9%). Body parts of dead snakes are used in various zootherapic treatments. In the imaginary of the agricultural workers the venomous animals are considered hazardous (48.7%) or disgusting (11.3%), and several parts of such animals as the rattle, bee sting or snake leather are used as amulet. Several legends have also been reported about snakes, scorpions and bees. The need for educational activities that aim to clarify these workers about the dangers of such practices is urgent.Prevalence of anxiety in patients admitted to a university hospital in southern Brazil and associated factors10.1590/S1415-790X20130003000092017-01-10T00:03:00Z2017-01-10T00:03:00ZGullich, InesRamos, Andrews BarcellosZan, Tiago Rafael AnschauScherer, CintiaMendoza-Sassi, Raul Andres
<em>Gullich, Ines</em>;
<em>Ramos, Andrews Barcellos</em>;
<em>Zan, Tiago Rafael Anschau</em>;
<em>Scherer, Cintia</em>;
<em>Mendoza-Sassi, Raul Andres</em>;
<br/><br/>
Objective: To identify the prevalence of anxiety in adults hospitalized in the clinical ward of a university hospital and to analyze the possible associated factors. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed in a university hospital. All interviewees answered a specific questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. A Poisson regression was used to calculate prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results: 282 patients were enrolled. The prevalence of anxiety was 33.7% (95%CI 28.2 - 39.3). Characteristics associated with the outcome were female gender (RP 2.44), age ≥ 60 years (PR 0.65), consultation in primary health care (PR 2.37), estimated time of contact between patient and student > 30 min (RP 1.36), high blood pressure (PR 1.57), diabetes mellitus (PR 1.43), and obesity (RP 1.43). Conclusion: This study found prevalence of high anxiety. It may be associated with certain characteristics of the patients (gender, age, chronic diseases); the medical appointment in primary care and time (estimated by the patient) that the student remained with this patient. The need for a focused approach to mental health care within the hospital has been discussed for a long time. The particularity of this study refers to the environment of a university hospital and to what extent the environment and the patient's relationship with the student are associated with higher prevalence of anxiety.Mortality by suicide: a focus on municipalities with a high proportion of self-reported indigenous people in the state of Amazonas, Brazil10.1590/S1415-790X20130003000102017-01-10T00:03:00Z2017-01-10T00:03:00ZOrellana, Jesem Douglas YamallBasta, Paulo CesarSouza, Maximiliano Loiola Ponte de
<em>Orellana, Jesem Douglas Yamall</em>;
<em>Basta, Paulo Cesar</em>;
<em>Souza, Maximiliano Loiola Ponte De</em>;
<br/><br/>
Objective: To analyze mortality rates and to describe the demographic and epidemiological characteristics of suicides recorded in the state of Amazonas. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study has been carried out with emphasis on municipalities, which have shown, simultaneously, a high mortality rates and a high proportion of self-reported indigenous population, based on 2005 - 2009 data as provided by the Informatics Department of the Unified National Health System. Results: Among the general population of the state of Amazonas, the mortality rate, by suicide, of 4.2/100.000 inhabitants has been reported, similar to that of Manaus (4.6/100.000 inhabitants). In contrast, at Tabatinga (25.2/100.000 inhabitants), at São Gabriel da Cachoeira (27.6/100.000 inhabitants) and at Santa Isabel do Rio Negro (36.4/100.000 inhabitants), municipalities, where the proportion of self-reported indigenous population is high, besides the taxes being notably higher, it was observed that most of the suicides has occurred among men; among young men aged between 15 - 24 years; at home; by hanging; during "weekend" and among the indigenous population. Discussion: Our findings have unveiled that suicide comes forth as a serious public health issue in some municipalities in the state of Amazonas, further indicating that the event occurs within very specific contexts, and that the dimension and the magnitude of the problem can be even more serious among populations or in territories exclusively inhabited by indigenous people.Conformity of pre-gestational weight measurement and agreement of anthropometric data reported by pregnant women and those recorded in prenatal cards, City of Rio de Janeiro, 2007-200810.1590/S1415-790X20130003000112017-01-10T00:03:00Z2017-01-10T00:03:00ZNiquini, Roberta PereiraBittencourt, Sonia AzevedoLeal, Maria do Carmo
<em>Niquini, Roberta Pereira</em>;
<em>Bittencourt, Sonia Azevedo</em>;
<em>Leal, Maria Do Carmo</em>;
<br/><br/>
Objective: To assess the conformity of the weight measurement process in the pre-gestational care offered in the city of Rio de Janeiro by primary units and hospitals of the National Health System, as well as to verify the agreement between the anthropometric data reported by pregnant women and those recorded in prenatal cards. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2007 - 2008 with two cluster samples: one to obtain a sample of pregnant women to be interviewed and another one for the weight measurement procedures to be observed. The conformity of the weight measurement process was evaluated according to the Ministry of Health standards, and the agreement between the two sources of anthropometric data was evaluated using mean differences, Bland-Altman method, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and weighted Kappa. Results: Out of the twelve criteria for weight measurement evaluation (n = 159 observations), three weren't in conformity (< 50% of conformity), two of them only need to be assessed when the scale is mechanical. For the interviewed pregnant women (n = 2,148), who had the two sources of anthropometric data, there was a tendency of self-reported height overestimation and pre-gestational and current weight and Body Mass Index underestimation. Accordance between the two sources of anthropometric information, according to ICC and weighted Kappa, were high (> 0.80). Conclusion: Studies may use weight and height information reported by pregnant women, in the absence of prenatal cards records, when it is an important economy to their execution, although the improvement of these two sources of information by means of better anthropometric process is necessary.Social inequalities in neonatal mortality and living condition10.1590/S1415-790X20130003000122017-01-10T00:03:00Z2017-01-10T00:03:00ZGoncalves, Annelise C.Costa, Maria da Conceicao N.Paim, Jairnilson S.Silva, Ligia Maria Vieira daBraga, Jose UeleresBarreto, Mauricio
<em>Goncalves, Annelise C.</em>;
<em>Costa, Maria Da Conceicao N.</em>;
<em>Paim, Jairnilson S.</em>;
<em>Silva, Ligia Maria Vieira Da</em>;
<em>Braga, Jose Ueleres</em>;
<em>Barreto, Mauricio</em>;
<br/><br/>
Objective: To evaluate the association between the spatial distribution of neonatal mortality and living conditions, and to analyze trends in the social inequalities, related to this mortality, in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, 2000 - 2006. Methods: The city's Information Zones, the unit of analysis used in this study, were grouped into strata reflecting high, intermediate, low and very low living conditions, based on a living conditions index (LCI). Neonatal mortality rates were calculated for each stratum. Spearman's correlation, linear regression and relative risks were used in the data analysis. Results: Neonatal mortality in Salvador was found to be associated with living conditions, with risks of 53, 56 and 59% greater, respectively, in the intermediate, low and very low strata, when compared to the high living conditions stratum. Only the intermediate living conditions stratum shows a significant decline in neonatal mortality (β = -0.93; p = 0.039). In the stratum of high living conditions, it was observed a stagnation of this mortality. Conclusions: Poorer living conditions were associated to higher risks of neonatal mortality. The slight decline in social inequalities, found in neonatal mortality, was due to a decline in the intermediate living conditions stratum. Although dependent on the access to quality healthcare services and life support technologies, a more consistent reduction in the neonatal mortality and its associated inequalities will only be achieved when broader-reaching public policies are implemented, improving the living conditions, and mainly focusing on priority groups.Social and environmental inequities in dental caries among indigenous population in Brazil: evidence from 2000 to 200710.1590/S1415-790X20130003000132017-01-10T00:03:00Z2017-01-10T00:03:00ZAlves Filho, PedroSantos, Ricardo VenturaVettore, Mario Vianna
<em>Alves Filho, Pedro</em>;
<em>Santos, Ricardo Ventura</em>;
<em>Vettore, Mario Vianna</em>;
<br/><br/>
This ecological study investigated the association between social and environmental inequities and dental caries among indigenous people in Brazil. Dental caries data were gathered from articles identified from electronic databases for the period between 2000 and 2007. Independent variables were obtained from the census of Health Information System for Sanitation Indigenous Populations. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to test the association between social and environmental characteristics and dental caries (DMFT index) according to the age group. Results were analyzed for 48 indigenous peoples from 19 selected studies. The occurrence of dental caries in particular age groups was inversely associated with the location of villages outside the Amazon region (12, 15 - 19, and 20 - 34 years), availability of electricity (15 - 19 and 20 - 34 years) and proportion of households covered with straw/thatch (20 - 34 years). The presence of schools was statistically associated with higher DMFT averages (15 - 19 and 20 - 34 years). It can be concluded that aspects of location and existing infrastructure in indigenous communities, which are linked to the availability of oral health services, are associated with the occurrence of dental caries in indigenous populations in Brazil.Are recurrent denture-related sores associated with the risk of oral cancer? A case control study10.1590/S1415-790X20130003000142017-01-10T00:03:00Z2017-01-10T00:03:00ZRotundo, Ligia Drovandi BragaToporcov, Tatiana NatashaBiazevic, Gabriela HayeCarvalho, Marcos Brasilino deKowalski, Luiz PauloAntunes, Jose Leopoldo Ferreira
<em>Rotundo, Ligia Drovandi Braga</em>;
<em>Toporcov, Tatiana Natasha</em>;
<em>Biazevic, Gabriela Haye</em>;
<em>Carvalho, Marcos Brasilino De</em>;
<em>Kowalski, Luiz Paulo</em>;
<em>Antunes, Jose Leopoldo Ferreira</em>;
<br/><br/>
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the hypothesis that recurrent denture-related sores association may be associated with the risk of oral cancer. Methods: We conducted a hospital-based case-control study comprising 71 new cases of oral cancer in two hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil, and 240 controls without cancer, recruited from outpatient units of the same hospitals. All cases had histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma in anatomic sites of the mouth that may be specifically consi-dered at risk of sores by ill-fitting dentures. Denture-related sores were assessed by the self-report of recurrent oral sores due to the use of ill-fitting complete removable dental prosthesis. Associations were assessed by multivariate logistic regression conditioned on socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics. Results: The association between ill-fitting dentures and oral cancer was statistically significant in the multivariate model: odds ratio 3.98; 95% confidence interval 1.06 - 14.96. The specific assessment of association between tumors in the lower jaw and sores by mandibular dentures confirmed this result: odds ratio 6.39; 95% confidence interval 1.49 - 29.52. Conclusion: The potential contribution of denture-related sores to oral carcinogenesis still fuels controversies. This study reinfor-ces the hypothesis that recurrent denture-related sores may be associated with the risk of oral cancer. Results reported here also suggest that an appropriate application and monitoring of dental prosthesis represent a non-negligible scope for cancer prevention.Diagnostic validity of self-reported oral health outcomes in population surveys: literature review10.1590/S1415-790X20130003000152017-01-10T00:03:00Z2017-01-10T00:03:00ZRamos, Renato QuirinoBastos, Joao LuizPeres, Marco Aurelio
<em>Ramos, Renato Quirino</em>;
<em>Bastos, Joao Luiz</em>;
<em>Peres, Marco Aurelio</em>;
<br/><br/>
Population-based health surveys are increasingly including self-reported oral health measures. However, their validity is frequently questioned. This study aimed to review the diagnostic validity of self-reported oral health measures - regarding periodontal conditions, number of remaining teeth and use and need of prostheses - and to present prototypes of oral health items to assess periodontal conditions. Papers published between 1991 and 2011 were identified through PubMed database. The sample profile, the sample size and the methods used in each study were analyzed, as well as the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the oral health items. Periodontists were contacted, using a standardized text, sent by e-mail, which asked them to provide self-reported items regarding periodontal conditions. We reviewed 19 studies; 13 assessed periodontal conditions; five, the number of remaining teeth and four, the use and need of prosthesis - some studies evaluated two or more conditions simultaneously. Five of the eight periodontists suggested questions to assess periodontal conditions. The maximum and the minimum sensitivity values to assess periodontal conditions, number of remaining teeth and use and need of prosthesis were 100 and 2%; 91 and 21%; 100 and 100%; respectively; the maximum and the minimum specificity values were 100 and 18%; 97 and 96%; 93 and 93%; respectively. In conclusion, there are acceptable sensitivity and specificity values for number of remaining teeth and use and need of prosthesis only. Finally, we consider there is the need for further studies in the national context, in order to assess the impact of the questions about self-reported oral health conditions in epidemiological analyses. Therefore, it will be possible to empirically verify if self-reported questions can be used in such studies.Iron supplementation among pregnant women: results from a population-based survey study10.1590/S1415-790X20130003000162017-01-10T00:03:00Z2017-01-10T00:03:00ZCesar, Juraci AlmeidaDumith, Samuel de CarvalhoChrestani, Maria Aurora DropaMendoza-Sassi, Raul Andres
<em>Cesar, Juraci Almeida</em>;
<em>Dumith, Samuel De Carvalho</em>;
<em>Chrestani, Maria Aurora Dropa</em>;
<em>Mendoza-Sassi, Raul Andres</em>;
<br/><br/>
Objectives: To measure the prevalence and risk factors associated with iron supplementation among pregnant women in the municipality of Rio Grande, Southern Brazil. Methods: All mothers living in this municipality who had children in 2007 were surveyed for demographic, socioeconomic and health care received during pregnancy and childbirth. The statistical analysis consisted of Poisson regression with robust adjustment of variance, and the measure of effect was prevalence ratio (PR). Results: Among the 2,557 mothers interviewed (99% of total), 59% were supplemented with iron during pregnancy period. After adjusting for various confounding factors, a higher PR to iron supplementation was observed among teenagers, women with black skin color, primigravidae, who had six or more antenatal visits, who performed prenatal care in public sector and received vitamin during pregnancy. Conclusion: There is a clear need to increase the iron supplementation coverage of all pregnant women, especially among those currently considered with low gestational risk.Prevalence of weight-loss strategies of young adults from the 1982 birth cohort in Pelotas, RS10.1590/S1415-790X20130003000172017-01-10T00:03:00Z2017-01-10T00:03:00ZLinhares, Angelica OzorioGigante, Denise PetrucciLinhares, Rogerio da SilvaMinten, Gicele CostaHorta, Bernardo Lessa
<em>Linhares, Angelica Ozorio</em>;
<em>Gigante, Denise Petrucci</em>;
<em>Linhares, Rogerio Da Silva</em>;
<em>Minten, Gicele Costa</em>;
<em>Horta, Bernardo Lessa</em>;
<br/><br/>
The objective of this article was to identify, among the members of the 1982 birth cohort in Pelotas, those who were trying to lose weight at the age of 23, and which strategies they used. From 2004 to 2005, 4,297 individuals from the 1982 cohort were interviewed. The effects of demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral factors on the prevalence of any strategy to lose weight in the past year were assessed in a cross-sectional analysis with the Poisson regression. Out of all the youngsters interviewed, 28.5% reported having used some strategy to lose weight. In the adjusted analysis, gender, schooling, family income, body mass index and smoking were associated with the use of some strategy. The strategy used by most of the young people was diet followed by physical activity. The results showed that appropriate preventive measures and body weight control are necessary, along with public policies aimed at encouraging healthy habits among young people, including physical and dietary education.Quality of life, social position and occupational groups in Brazil: evidence from a population-based survey10.1590/S1415-790X20130003000182017-01-10T00:03:00Z2017-01-10T00:03:00ZFlor, Luisa SorioCampos, Monica RodriguesLaguardia, Josue
<em>Flor, Luisa Sorio</em>;
<em>Campos, Monica Rodrigues</em>;
<em>Laguardia, Josue</em>;
<br/><br/>
This study investigates whether occupation, variable that reflects social position, is associated with good quality of life among Brazilians. It is a cross-sectional study based on data obtained from a population-based survey carried out in Brazil in 2008. The sample composed of 12,423 Brazilians, older than 20 years. Physical and mental quality of life were both measured by SF-36 and scores were grouped in "above the mean" and "below the mean" to set binary outcomes. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to verify the impact of occupational position on the chances of better physical and mental quality of life, controlling it by socio-demographic and health variables. Results showed that Brazilians included on the labour market have better chances of a good physical and mental quality of life, even if controlled by other variables.Trends of chronic health effects associated to pesticide use in fruit farming regions in the state of Ceara, Brazil10.1590/S1415-790X20130003000192017-01-10T00:03:00Z2017-01-10T00:03:00ZRigotto, Raquel MariaSilva, Ageo Mario Candido daFerreira, Marcelo Jose MonteiroRosa, Islene FerreiraAguiar, Ada Cristina Pontes
<em>Rigotto, Raquel Maria</em>;
<em>Silva, Ageo Mario Candido Da</em>;
<em>Ferreira, Marcelo Jose Monteiro</em>;
<em>Rosa, Islene Ferreira</em>;
<em>Aguiar, Ada Cristina Pontes</em>;
<br/><br/>
The lower valley of Jaguaribe has registered, since the XXI century, the arrival of transnational and regional companies, which led to deep transformations in this region. The increased use of the pesticides is one of the most important ones, being able to cause alterations in human procreation and leading to congenital deformations, besides premature birth and low weight newborns. This article is an ecological study related to the period from 2000 to 2010 in the population of some cities in the state of Ceará, and it was divided in two parts: the first one, a draft of historical series of morbidity and mortality databases and trend verification performed by a simple linear regression; the second one comprehends the calculation of the ratio of rates between cities that are highly exposed to pestiides and the cities selected for comparison, with history of little use of these substances. There was statistically considerable growth tendency (p = 0.026) in the number of hospitalized people with neoplasms. Analyzing the ratios of the rates in these same indicators, it is observed that the rates of hospitalized people with neoplasms were 1.76 times higher in the studied cities than in control cities (p < 0.0010). With regard to to fetal deaths, a statistically considerable increase was observed (p < 0.05) as to the mortality rates in the studied cities. Results suggest there was higher morbidity and mortality caused by neoplasms in the cities with broader use of pesticides, which could be influenced by production, environmental and social transformations associated to the process of deterritorialization induced by the expansion of the agricultural modernization over the morbidity and mortality profile of the population of lower Jaguaribe. This process is a reflex of the production chemical-dependent model adopted by the agribusiness companies, expanding the vulnerability of the country side population.Accidents at work and living conditions among solid waste segregators in the open dump of Distrito Federal10.1590/S1415-790X20130003000202017-01-10T00:03:00Z2017-01-10T00:03:00ZHoefel, Maria da GracaCarneiro, Fernando FerreiraSantos, Leonor Maria PachecoGubert, Muriel BauermanAmate, Elisa MariaSantos, Wallace dos
<em>Hoefel, Maria Da Graca</em>;
<em>Carneiro, Fernando Ferreira</em>;
<em>Santos, Leonor Maria Pacheco</em>;
<em>Gubert, Muriel Bauerman</em>;
<em>Amate, Elisa Maria</em>;
<em>Santos, Wallace Dos</em>;
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The work of recycling solid waste segregators allows a precarious livelihood, but triggers a disease process that exacerbates their health and well-being. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of occupational accidents at the open dump in the Federal District and its associated factors. Most segregators have had an accident at work (55.5%), perceived the danger of their working environment (95.0%) and claimed they did not receive personal protective equipment (51.7%). Among other findings, 55.8% ate foods found in the trash, 50.0% experienced food insecurity at home and 44.8% received Bolsa Família. There was a statistically significant relationship between work accidents and perception of dangerous work environment, household food insecurity and the presence of fatigue, stress or sadness (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the fellowship between the segregators was associated with a lower prevalence of accidents (p < 0.006). Women are the majority of the segregators (56.5%) and reported more accidents than men (p < 0.025). We conclude that the solid waste segregators constitute a vulnerable community, not only from the perspective of labor, but also from the social and environmental circumstances. To reverse this situation, effective implementation of the National Policy of Solid Wastes is imperative, in association with affirmative policies to grant economic emancipation for this population.Evaluation of the level of knowledge and compliance with standart precautions and the safety standard (NR-32) amongst physicians from a public university hospital, Brazil10.1590/S1415-790X20130003000212017-01-10T00:03:00Z2017-01-10T00:03:00ZLa-Rotta, Ehidee Isabel GomezGarcia, Clerison StelvioBarbosa, FelipeSantos, Amanda Ferreira dosVieira, Gabriela Mazzarolo MarcondesCarneiro, Mariangela
<em>La-Rotta, Ehidee Isabel Gomez</em>;
<em>Garcia, Clerison Stelvio</em>;
<em>Barbosa, Felipe</em>;
<em>Santos, Amanda Ferreira Dos</em>;
<em>Vieira, Gabriela Mazzarolo Marcondes</em>;
<em>Carneiro, Mariangela</em>;
<br/><br/>
Brazil is the first country in the world to have broad coverage standard (NR-32) focused on protecting health workers exposed to biological risks. This study evaluated the degree of knowledge of the NR-32 Standard and the level of knowledge and compliance with the standard precautions. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 208 randomly selected health professionals; 93 of them were residents and 115 were physicians at a Brazilian Clinical Hospital. To collect information, the participants were interviewed and/or they completed semi-structured questionnaires divided into three domains: knowledge of the standard, knowledge of biosafety, and compliance with standard precautions. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess internal consistency of the scales of knowledge and compliance with values above +0.75 indicating excellent agreement. Multivariate linear regression was used to evaluate the predictors for compliance with NR-32, biosafety, and standard precautions. Mean knowledge of the NR-32 Standard was 2.2 (± 2.02) points (minimum 0 and maximum 7 points). The minimum expected mean was 5.25 points. The mean knowledge of biosafety was 12.31 (± 2.10) points (minimum 4 and maximum16 points). The minimum expected mean was 12.75 points. The mean compliance with standard precautions was 12.79 (± 2.6) points (minimum 6 and maximum 18 points). The minimum expected mean was 13.5 points. The individual means for using gloves, masks and goggles during procedures and for not recapping needles were 2.69, 2.27, 1.20 and 2.14, respectively. The factors associated with knowledge of the NR-32 were: greater knowledge amongst those who studied at a public university and who had knowledge of biosafety. The knowledge of the NR-32 Standard was low, but there was a good level of knowledge of biosafety issues. The compliance with standard precautions was acceptable in general, but was low for some of the evaluated precautions.