Revista Panamericana de Salud Públicahttps://www.scielosp.org/feed/rpsp/2013.v34n1/2018-01-01T00:02:00ZVol. 34 No. 1 - 2013WerkzeugComparison of national health research priority-setting methods and characteristics in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2002 - 2012S1020-498920130007000012018-01-01T00:02:00Z2018-01-01T00:02:00ZReveiz, LudovicElias, VanessaTerry, Robert F.Alger, JackelineBecerra-Posada, Francisco
<em>Reveiz, Ludovic</em>;
<em>Elias, Vanessa</em>;
<em>Terry, Robert F.</em>;
<em>Alger, Jackeline</em>;
<em>Becerra-Posada, Francisco</em>;
<br/><br/>
OBJECTIVE: To compare health research priority-setting methods and characteristics among countries in Latin America and the Caribbean during 2002 - 2012. METHODS: This was a systematic review that identified national health research policies and priority agendas through a search of ministry and government databases related to health care institutions. PubMed, LILACS, the Health Research Web, and others were searched for the period from January 2002 - February 2012. The study excluded research organized by governmental institutions and specific national strategies on particular disease areas. Priority-setting methods were compared to the "nine common themes for good practice in health research priorities." National health research priorities were compared to those of the World Health Organization's Millennium Development Goals (MDG). RESULTS: Of the 18 Latin American countries assessed, 13 had documents that established national health research priorities; plus the Caribbean Health Research Council had a research agenda for its 19 constituents. These 14 total reports varied widely in terms of objectives, content, dissemination, and implementation; most provided a list of strategic areas, suggestions, and/or sub-priorities for each country; however, few proposed specific research topics and questions. CONCLUSIONS: Future reports could be improved by including more details on the comprehensive approach employed to identify priorities, on the information gathering process, and on practices to be undertaken after priorities are set. There is a need for improving the quality of the methodologies utilized and coordinating Regional efforts as countries strive to meet the MDG.Asociación de la posición socioeconómica y la percepción del ambiente con la autopercepción del estado de salud en mujeres de Bogotá, ColombiaS1020-498920130007000022018-01-01T00:02:00Z2018-01-01T00:02:00ZLucumí, Diego I.Grogan-Kaylor, AndrewEspinosa-García, Gladys
<em>Lucumí, Diego I.</em>;
<em>Grogan-Kaylor, Andrew</em>;
<em>Espinosa-García, Gladys</em>;
<br/><br/>
OBJETIVO: Evaluar un modelo conceptual que sugiere una asociación entre la posición socioeconómica (PSE), la percepción del entorno del barrio y la realización de actividad física, con la autopercepción del estado de salud (APES) por parte de mujeres residentes en barrios de bajo nivel socioeconómico de Bogotá, Colombia. MÉTODOS: Se describe un análisis de fuente secundaria de la primera medición de un ensayo grupal comunitario que evaluó un programa dirigido a promover el consumo de frutas y verduras y la actividad física en cuidadoras de hogar residentes en Bogotá. Se realizaron análisis multivariados logísticos de multinivel, con el fin de identificar asociaciones y verificar las mediaciones propuestas en el modelo conceptual. RESULTADOS: En los modelos ajustados se encontró que la PSE medida a nivel individual y la percepción del barrio estuvieron inversa y significativamente asociados a una APES no óptima, mientras que la asociación entre la actividad física y la APES no fue significativa. CONCLUSIONES: Los hallazgos del estudio resaltan la importancia de la PSE de las personas en la valoración de su estado de salud, y extienden la evidencia sobre el papel independiente de la percepción del entorno del barrio en la APES en mujeres.Validity and reliability of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire among adults in MexicoS1020-498920130007000032018-01-01T00:02:00Z2018-01-01T00:02:00ZMedina, CatalinaBarquera, SimónJanssen, Ian
<em>Medina, Catalina</em>;
<em>Barquera, Simón</em>;
<em>Janssen, Ian</em>;
<br/><br/>
OBJECTIVE: To determine the test-retest reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the short-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) among adults in Mexico. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of 267 adult factory workers in Mexico City. Participants were 19 - 68 years of age; 48% were female. Participants wore an accelerometer for 9 consecutive days and were administered the Spanish version of the short form IPAQ on two occasions (IPAQ1 and IPAQ2, separated by 9 days). The relation and differences between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) measures obtained from IPAQ1, IPAQ2, and the accelerometer were determined using correlations, linear regression, and paired t-tests. RESULTS: IPAQ1 and IPAQ2 measures of MVPA were significantly correlated to each other (r = 0.55, P < 0.01). However, MVPA was 44 ± 408 minutes/week lower in IPAQ1 than in IPAQ2, although this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.08). The (min/week) measures from IPAQ1 and IPAQ2 were only modestly correlated with the accelerometer measures (r = 0.26 and r = 0.31, P < 0.01), and by comparison to accelerometer measures, MVPA values were higher when based on IPAQ1 (174 ± 357 min/week, P < 0.01) than for IPAQ2 (135 ± 360 min/week, P < 0.01). The percentage of participants who were classified as physically inactive according to the World Health Organization guidelines was 18.0% in IPAQ1, 25.1% in IPAQ2, and 28.2% based on the accelerometer. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to what has been observed in other populations, the short form IPAQ has a modest reliability and poor validity for assessing MVPA among Mexican adults.Inoculation message treatments for curbing noncommunicable disease developmentS1020-498920130007000042018-01-01T00:02:00Z2018-01-01T00:02:00ZMason, Alicia M.Miller, Claude H.
<em>Mason, Alicia M.</em>;
<em>Miller, Claude H.</em>;
<br/><br/>
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of various types of inoculation message treatments on resistance to persuasive and potentially deceptive health- and nutrition-related (HNR) content claims of commercial food advertisers. METHODS: A three-phase experiment was conducted among 145 students from a Midwestern U.S. university. Quantitative statistical analyses were used to interpret the results. Results: Results provide clear evidence that integrating regulatory focus/fit considerations enhances the treatment effectiveness of inoculation messages. Inoculation messages that employed a preventative, outcome focus with concrete language were most effective at countering HNR advertising claims. The findings indicate that inoculation fosters resistance equally across the most common types of commercially advertised HNR product claims (e.g., absolute, general, and structure/function claims). CONCLUSIONS: As the drive to refine the inoculation process model continues, further testing and application of this strategy in a public health context is needed to counter ongoing efforts by commercial food advertisers to avoid government regulations against deceptive practices such as dubious health/nutrition claims. This research advances inoculation theory by providing evidence that 1) good regulatory fit strengthens the effect of refutational preemption and 2) an inoculation approach is highly effective at fostering resistance to commercial advertisers' HNR content claims. This macro approach appears far superior to education or information-based promotional health campaigns targeted solely at specific populations demonstrating rising rates of noncommunicable disease.Using spatial analysis to identify areas vulnerable to infant mortalityS1020-498920130007000052018-01-01T00:02:00Z2018-01-01T00:02:00ZRodrigues, MirellaBonfim, CristinePortugal, José LuizGurgel, Idê Gomes DantasMedeiros, Zulma
<em>Rodrigues, Mirella</em>;
<em>Bonfim, Cristine</em>;
<em>Portugal, José Luiz</em>;
<em>Gurgel, Idê Gomes Dantas</em>;
<em>Medeiros, Zulma</em>;
<br/><br/>
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the spatial distribution of infant mortality and identify clusters with high risk of death in the first year of life. METHODS: The Thiessen (Voronoi) polygon method was used to analyze spatial distribution of the infant mortality rate, calculated by municipality. The triennium 2006 - 2008 was used as a reference to estimate the average infant mortality rate, and the first analysis of the spatial distribution of the rate was performed to test for first-order spatial stationarity. The spatial pattern was then analyzed using Moran's index and G-statistic (α = 5%). RESULTS: The surface projections on trends showed that infant mortality is not constant in space. The Moran index (0.34, P < 0.01) and G-statistic (0.03, P < 0.01) confirmed a spatial autocorrelation between infant mortality and clusters when the Thiessen polygon method was used. CONCLUSIONS: The Voronoi polygons proved accurate for spatial analysis of infant mortality and were predictive of clusters with high risk of death in the first year of life.Feasibility of road traffic injury surveillance integrating police and health insurance data sets in the Dominican RepublicS1020-498920130007000062018-01-01T00:02:00Z2018-01-01T00:02:00ZPuello, AdrianBhatti, JunaidSalmi, Louis-Rachid
<em>Puello, Adrian</em>;
<em>Bhatti, Junaid</em>;
<em>Salmi, Louis-Rachid</em>;
<br/><br/>
OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of semiautomated linking of road traffic injury (RTI) cases in different data sets in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS: The study population consisted of RTI cases in the Dominican Republic in 2010 and were identified in police and health insurance data sets. After duplicates were removed and fatality reporting was corrected by using forensic data, police and health insurance RTI records were linked if they had the same province, collision date, and gender of RTI cases and similar age within five years. A multinomial logistic regression model assessed the likelihood of being in only one of the data sets. RESULTS: One of five records was a duplicate, including 21.1% of 6 396 police and 16.2% of 6 178 insurance records. Health insurance data recorded 43 of 417 deaths as only injured. Capture - recapture estimated that both data sets recorded one of five RTI cases. Characteristics associated with increased likelihood (P < 0.05) of being only in the police data set were female gender [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.5], age ≥ 16 years (OR = 1.7), collision in the regions of Cibao Northeast (OR = 4.1) and Valdesia (OR = 6.4), day of occurrence from Tuesday to Saturday (ORs from 1.5 to 2.9), month of occurrence from October to December (ORs from 1.6 to 4.5), and occupant of four-wheeled vehicles (OR = 5.4) or trucks (OR = 5.3). CONCLUSIONS: Consistent semiautomated linking procedures were feasible to ascertain the RTI burden in the Dominican Republic and could be improved by standardized coding of police and health insurance RTI reporting.Competencias esenciales en salud pública: un marco regional para las AméricasS1020-498920130007000072018-01-01T00:02:00Z2018-01-01T00:02:00ZSuárez Conejero, JuanaGodue, CharlesGarcía Gutiérrez, José FranciscoMagaña Valladares, LauraRabionet, SilviaConcha, JoséVázquez Valdés, ManuelGómez, Rubén DaríoMujica, Oscar J.Cabezas, CésarLiendo Lucano, LindauraCastellanos, Jorge
<em>Suárez Conejero, Juana</em>;
<em>Godue, Charles</em>;
<em>García Gutiérrez, José Francisco</em>;
<em>Magaña Valladares, Laura</em>;
<em>Rabionet, Silvia</em>;
<em>Concha, José</em>;
<em>Vázquez Valdés, Manuel</em>;
<em>Gómez, Rubén Darío</em>;
<em>Mujica, Oscar J.</em>;
<em>Cabezas, César</em>;
<em>Liendo Lucano, Lindaura</em>;
<em>Castellanos, Jorge</em>;
<br/><br/>
Se describe la respuesta a un llamado de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, realizado en 2010, para conformar el Marco Regional de Competencias Esenciales en Salud Pública, con el propósito de apoyar a los Estados de las Américas en sus esfuerzos por fortalecer las capacidades de sus sistemas de salud pública, en tanto estrategia para el desempeño óptimo de las Funciones Esenciales de Salud Pública. El proceso metodológico de dicha respuesta se dividió en cuatro fases. En la primera se convocó a un equipo de expertos que definieron la metodología a seguir durante un taller en el Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública de México en 2010. La segunda fase fue la constitución de grupos de trabajo, utilizando dos criterios: experiencia y composición multidisciplinaria, lo cual derivó en un equipo regional con 225 integrantes de 12 países. Estos equipos elaboraron una propuesta inicial de 88 competencias. En la tercera fase se realizó una validación cruzada de las competencias, cuyo número se redujo a 64. Durante la cuarta fase, que incluyó dos talleres en marzo (Medellín, Colombia) y junio (Lima, Perú) de 2011, las discusiones se centraron en analizar la correspondencia de los resultados con la metodología.Incorporating human rights into reproductive health care provider education programs in Nicaragua and El SalvadorS1020-498920130007000082018-01-01T00:02:00Z2018-01-01T00:02:00ZReyes, H. Luz McNaughtonPadilla Zuniga, KarenBillings, Deborah L.Blandon, Marta Maria
<em>Reyes, H. Luz Mcnaughton</em>;
<em>Padilla Zuniga, Karen</em>;
<em>Billings, Deborah L.</em>;
<em>Blandon, Marta Maria</em>;
<br/><br/>
Health care providers play a central role in the promotion and protection of human rights in patient care. Consequently, the World Medical Association, among others, has called on medical and nursing schools to incorporate human rights education into their training programs. This report describes the efforts of one Central American nongovernmental organization to include human rights - related content into reproductive health care provider training programs in Nicaragua and El Salvador. Baseline findings suggest that health care providers are not being adequately prepared to fulfill their duty to protect and promote human rights in patient care. Medical and nursing school administrators, faculty, and students recognize the need to strengthen training in this area and are enthusiastic about incorporating human rights content into their education programs. Evaluation findings suggest that exposure to educational materials and methodologies that emphasize the relationship between human rights and reproductive health may lead to changes in health care provider attitudes and behaviors that help promote and safeguard human rights in patient care.Extensión PRISMA-Equidad 2012: guías para la escritura y la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas enfocadas en la equidad en saludS1020-498920130007000092018-01-01T00:02:00Z2018-01-01T00:02:00ZWelch, VivianPetticrew, MarkTugwell, PeterMoher, DavidO'Neill, JenniferWaters, ElizabethWhite, Howard
<em>Welch, Vivian</em>;
<em>Petticrew, Mark</em>;
<em>Tugwell, Peter</em>;
<em>Moher, David</em>;
<em>O'neill, Jennifer</em>;
<em>Waters, Elizabeth</em>;
<em>White, Howard</em>;
<br/><br/>
Existe un imperativo mundial de abordar las desigualdades sanitarias a nivel nacional e internacional, definidas como diferencias en la salud injustas y evitables. Un paso hacia lograr esta meta es mejorar la base de evidencia científica rigurosa relacionada con las repercusiones de las políticas sobre las desigualdades en los resultados de la salud, la asignación de recursos y su uso. Las revisiones sistemáticas son cada vez más reconocidas como fuente de evidencia valiosa para la toma de decisiones relacionadas con la atención sanitaria y los sistemas sanitarios; sin embargo, muy pocas revisiones sistemáticas informan acerca de los efectos sobre la equidad en salud. Desarrollamos guías consensuadas para la escritura y publicación de revisiones sistemáticas centradas en la equidad, para ayudar a que los revisores identifiquen, extraigan y sinteticen la evidencia sobre la equidad en las revisiones sistemáticas. El uso cada vez mayor de estas guías para escribir y publicar trabajos científicos ayudará a mejorar los informes de los efectos sobre las desigualdades en los resultados de la salud y el uso de la atención sanitaria según el género, la posición socioeconómica y otras características, tanto en las revisiones sistemáticas como, en última instancia, en la investigación primaria, y en consecuencia contribuirá a la agenda mundial para optimizar la equidad en salud.Changing patterns of migration in Latin America: how can research develop intelligence for public health?S1020-498920130007000102018-01-01T00:02:00Z2018-01-01T00:02:00ZCabieses, BalticaTunstall, HelenaPickett, Kate E.Gideon, Jasmine
<em>Cabieses, Baltica</em>;
<em>Tunstall, Helena</em>;
<em>Pickett, Kate E.</em>;
<em>Gideon, Jasmine</em>;
<br/><br/>
Migration patterns in Latin America have changed significantly in recent decades, particularly since the onset of global recession in 2007. These recent economic changes have highlighted and exacerbated the weakness of evidence from Latin America regarding migration-a crucial determinant of health. Migration patterns are constantly evolving in Latin America, but research on migration has not developed at the same speed. This article focuses on the need for better understanding of the living conditions and health of migrant populations in Latin America within the context of the recent global recession. The authors explain how new data on migrant well-being could be obtained through improved evidence from censuses and ongoing research surveys to 1) better inform policy-makers about the needs of migrant populations in Latin America and 2) help determine better ways of reaching undocumented immigrants. Longitudinal studies on immigrants in Latin America are essential for generating a better representation of migrant living conditions and health needs during the initial stages of immigration and over time. To help meet this need, the authors support the promotion of sustainable sources of data and evidence on the complex relationship between migration and health.