Revista de Saúde Públicahttps://www.scielosp.org/feed/rsp/2021.v55suppl1/2017-01-30T00:05:00ZVol. 55 - 2021WerkzeugImportance of national data on food consumption and changes in the diet of Brazilians from 2008 to 201810.11606/s1518-8787.2021055supl1ap2017-01-30T00:05:00Z2017-01-30T00:05:00ZSichieri, Rosely
<em>Sichieri, Rosely</em>;
<br/><br/>
National Food Surveys: diet and more10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055supl1ed2017-01-30T00:05:00Z2017-01-30T00:05:00ZDomene, Semíramis Martins ÁlvaresBarata, Rita Barradas
<em>Domene, Semíramis Martins Álvares</em>;
<em>Barata, Rita Barradas</em>;
<br/><br/>
Limitations in the comparison of the Brazilian National Dietary Surveys of 2008–2009 and 2017–201810.11606/s1518-8787.20210550033652017-01-30T00:05:00Z2017-01-30T00:05:00ZRodrigues, Renata MunizCarli, Eduardo DeAraújo, Marina CamposVerly Junior, EliseuMarchioni, Dirce Maria LoboBezerra, Ilana NogueiraSouza, Amanda de MouraYokoo, Edna MassaePereira, Rosangela AlvesSichieri, Rosely
<em>Rodrigues, Renata Muniz</em>;
<em>Carli, Eduardo De</em>;
<em>Araújo, Marina Campos</em>;
<em>Verly Junior, Eliseu</em>;
<em>Marchioni, Dirce Maria Lobo</em>;
<em>Bezerra, Ilana Nogueira</em>;
<em>Souza, Amanda De Moura</em>;
<em>Yokoo, Edna Massae</em>;
<em>Pereira, Rosangela Alves</em>;
<em>Sichieri, Rosely</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT OBJETIVE: To present particular characteristics of two Brazilian National Dietary Surveys (Inquéritos Nacionais de Alimentação - INA) and the methodology used to better compare their data. METHODS: This study details the differences between both INA conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2008–2009 and 2017–2018. We present the alterations in data collecting methods and food composition tables as well as the analysis strategies recommended to obtain such data. A validation study with 95 participants of the third wave of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health assessed the measurement error associated with the procedures adopted in the 24-hours dietary recall of INA 2017–2018. The reference standards were urinary protein recovery, sodium, and potassium biomarkers. Different strategies were used in the analysis of INA to compare two essential dietary items that had their collection method changed: fats and sugars. RESULTS: The validation study indicated lower underreport in the most recent survey with higher means of energy intake. The correlation of means for the 24-hours recalls with their respective biomarkers was 0.58 for proteins, 0.31 for potassium, and 0.30 for sodium. Comparing the food composition tables used in both surveys with the data obtained by INA 2008-2009, the mean variation of energy, macronutrients, and minerals was lower than 15%, except for trans fats and selenium, which had means 40% and 52% lower in the Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos (TBCA - Brazilian Food Composition Table). INA 2017–2018 presents lower means for added sugar, using a generic question about the frequency of sugar consumption as a measure for sugar as an additional item. CONCLUSION: The methodological changes promoted in the most recent INA enhanced food groups and nutrients intake estimation, adding detailed and specific data in dietary habits reports.Evolution of energy and nutrient intake in Brazil between 2008–2009 and 2017–201810.11606/s1518-8787.20210550033432017-01-30T00:05:00Z2017-01-30T00:05:00ZVerly Junior, EliseuMarchioni, Dirce MariaAraujo, Marina CamposCarli, Eduardo DeOliveira, Dayan Carvalho Ramos Salles deYokoo, Edna MassaeSichieri, RoselyPereira, Rosangela Alves
<em>Verly Junior, Eliseu</em>;
<em>Marchioni, Dirce Maria</em>;
<em>Araujo, Marina Campos</em>;
<em>Carli, Eduardo De</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Dayan Carvalho Ramos Salles De</em>;
<em>Yokoo, Edna Massae</em>;
<em>Sichieri, Rosely</em>;
<em>Pereira, Rosangela Alves</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To assess the evolution of energy and nutrient intake and the prevalence of inadequate micronutrients intakes according to sociodemographic characteristics and Brazilian regions. METHODS: The food consumption of 32,749 individuals from the National Dietary Survey of the Household Budget Survey 2008–2009 was analyzed by two food registries, as well as 44,744 subjects from two 24-hour recalls in 2017–2018. Usual intake and percentage of individuals with consumption below the average recommendation for calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, copper and zinc, vitamins A, C, D, E, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine and cobalamin were estimated. Sodium intake was compared to the reference value to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Analyses were stratified by sex, age group, region and income. RESULTS: Mean daily energy intake was 1,753 kcal in 2008–2009 and 1,748 kcal in 2017–2018. The highest prevalence of inadequacy (> 50%) in the two periods were calcium; magnesium; vitamins A, D and E; pyridoxine and, only among adolescents, phosphorus. There was an increase in the prevalence of inadequate vitamin A, riboflavin, cobalamin, magnesium, and zinc among women, and riboflavin among men. The prevalence of inadequacy decreased for thiamine. Sodium intake was excessive in approximately 50% of the population in both periods. The highest variations (about 50%) in the prevalence of inadequacy between the lowest and highest income (< 0.5 minimum wage and > 2 minimum wages per capita) were observed for vitamin B12 and C in both periods. The North and Northeast regions had the highest prevalence of inadequacy. CONCLUSION: Both surveys found high prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake and excessive sodium intake. The inadequacy varies according to income strata, increasing in the poorest regions of the country.Evolution of out-of-home food consumption in Brazil in 2008–2009 and 2017–201810.11606/s1518-8787.20210550032212017-01-30T00:05:00Z2017-01-30T00:05:00ZBezerra, Ilana NogueiraVasconcelos, Thaís MCavalcante, Jessica BritoYokoo, Edna MassaePereira, Rosângela ASichieri, Rosely
<em>Bezerra, Ilana Nogueira</em>;
<em>Vasconcelos, Thaís M</em>;
<em>Cavalcante, Jessica Brito</em>;
<em>Yokoo, Edna Massae</em>;
<em>Pereira, Rosângela A</em>;
<em>Sichieri, Rosely</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the evolution of out-of-home food consumption in Brazil in 2008–2018. METHODS We used the 2008–2009 and 2017–2018 data from the Inquéritos Nacionais de Alimentação (INA - National Food Surveys), conducted amid 34,003 and 46,164 individuals, to estimate the frequency of out-of-home food consumption and the contribution of this consumption to specific foods. Food consumption was analyzed using food records in the 2008–2009 INA and 24-hour recalls in 2017–2018. Estimates were generated for Brazil in general, for urban and rural areas, for age groups (adolescent, adult, elderly), and for income bracket. RESULTS The frequency of out-of-home consumption decreased by 8.8% between the two surveys, with no change in the rural area, in the Northeast and South regions, and for the lowest income brackets. We observed a slight increase among the elderly and in the Midwest region. The contribution of out-of-home food consumption to daily energy intake also decreased (16.3% vs. 12.7%), excepting the rural area, where there was a reduction in the difference in relation to the urban area between the two surveys. For most items evaluated, the out-of-home food consumption decreased. The most consumed out-of-home food were alcoholic beverages, fried and baked snacks, soft drinks, pizza, sweets, and sandwiches in both surveys. CONCLUSION In 10 years, the prevalence of food consumption and the percentage of contribution of out-of-home food decreased in Brazil, but ultra-processed foods still figure as the most consumed food group outside the home.Cost of healthy and culturally acceptable diets in Brazil in 2009 and 201810.11606/s1518-8787.20210550033292017-01-30T00:05:00Z2017-01-30T00:05:00ZVerly Junior, EliseuOliveira, Dayan Carvalho Ramos Salles deSichieri, Rosely
<em>Verly Junior, Eliseu</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Dayan Carvalho Ramos Salles De</em>;
<em>Sichieri, Rosely</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the lowest cost of a healthy and culturally acceptable diet and to assess the evolution of its cost in the periods 2008–2009 and 2017–2018. METHODS We used data on the individual food consumption and food prices from the Pesquisas de Orçamentos Familiares (Household Budget Surveys), in the 2008–2009 and 2017–2018. The sample strata of each period were aggregated, forming 108 new strata with geographic and economic homogeneity. Linear programming models generated diets for each new stratum, considering the constraints in two models: model 1 (≥ 400g of fruits and vegetables); and model 2 (≥ 400g of fruits and vegetables, < 2300mg of sodium, sodium/potassium ratio < 1, ≥ 500mg of calcium). Each food could progressively deviate 5g from the observed consumption averages until the models found a solution in each of the strata. The objective function was to minimize the total cost of the diet. RESULTS The average observed and optimized costs were R$4.96, R$4.62 (model 1) and R$5.08 (model 2) in 2008–2009, and R$9.18, R$8.69 and R$9.87 in 2017–2018. Models 1 and 2 resulted in an increase of up to 6% and 11% in 2008–2009, and of up to 25% and 34% in 2017–2018 in the lowest income strata. The main changes observed in the two models include the reduction in the amounts of sweetened beverages, sweets, sauces, ready-to-eat foods, and an increase in fruits and vegetables, flour, and tubers. CONCLUSION The adequate amount of fruits and vegetables resulted in an increase in costs to some population strata. When the adequacy of calcium, sodium, and potassium was considered, we observed a more significant increase in cost, especially in 2017–2018.Dietary patterns of Brazilian adults in 2008–2009 and 2017–201810.11606/s1518-8787.20210550034372017-01-30T00:05:00Z2017-01-30T00:05:00ZAntunes, Anna Beatriz SouzaCunha, Diana BarbosaBaltar, Valéria TroncosoSteluti, JosianePereira, Rosangela AlvesYokoo, Edna MassaeSichieri, RoselyMarchioni, Dirce Maria
<em>Antunes, Anna Beatriz Souza</em>;
<em>Cunha, Diana Barbosa</em>;
<em>Baltar, Valéria Troncoso</em>;
<em>Steluti, Josiane</em>;
<em>Pereira, Rosangela Alves</em>;
<em>Yokoo, Edna Massae</em>;
<em>Sichieri, Rosely</em>;
<em>Marchioni, Dirce Maria</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES To identify dietary patterns among Brazilian adults based on the National Dietary Surveys (INA – Inquéritos Nacionais de Alimentação) in 2008–2009 and 2017–2018, and to verify in the second period the adherence to the patterns according to sociodemographic factors and Brazilian regions. METHODS We analyzed the first of two days of adults’ food consumption (19–59 years) in INA data from 2008–2009 (n = 21,630) and 2017–2018 (n = 28,901). Dietary patterns were derived by exploratory factor analysis from 19 food groups, considering the complexity of the sample design. We evaluated the factor scores according to sex, age group, region, per capita income, and education for the INA data in 2017–2018. RESULTS We identified three patterns in the two surveys: (1) “traditional”, characterized by rice, beans, and meat; (2) “breads and butter/margarine”, characterized by breads, oils, and fats (including margarine/butter) and, coffee and teas in 2008–2009; and (3) “western”, characterized by sodas, pizzas, snacks, flour, pasta, and sweets in 2017–2018. The “traditional” pattern had greater adherence among men, residents of the Midwest region and individuals with incomplete primary education. “Bread and butter/margarine” pattern had greater adherence among males, individuals aged between 40 and 59 years, from the Southeast region, and with income between 1 and 2 minimum wages per capita. Male individuals, aged between 19 and 39 years, from the South region, with per capita income greater than two minimum wages, and education level equal to or greater than primary education showed greater adherence to the “western” pattern. CONCLUSION The dietary patterns identified in 2008–2009 and 2017–2018 were similar, and we observed the maintenance of the “traditional” pattern, which includes rice, beans, and meat. Adherence to the dietary patterns varies according to sex, age group, region, per capita income, and education level.Most consumed foods in Brazil: evolution between 2008-2009 and 2017-201810.11606/s1518-8787.20210550034062017-01-30T00:05:00Z2017-01-30T00:05:00ZRodrigues, Renata MunizSouza, Amanda de MouraBezerra, Ilana NogueiraPereira, Rosangela AlvesYokoo, Edna MassaeSichieri, Rosely
<em>Rodrigues, Renata Muniz</em>;
<em>Souza, Amanda De Moura</em>;
<em>Bezerra, Ilana Nogueira</em>;
<em>Pereira, Rosangela Alves</em>;
<em>Yokoo, Edna Massae</em>;
<em>Sichieri, Rosely</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To describe the evolution of food consumption by the Brazilian population in 2008–2009 to 2017–2018. METHODS: Data from the National Dietary Surveys of 2008–2009 and 2017–2018 were used. Both surveys estimated food consumption of two non-consecutive days of individuals aged 10 years or older. The first survey collected consumption data from 34,003 individuals through food records; the second, obtained data from 46,164 individuals, through 24-hour recalls. The twenty most frequently reported food groups in the two surveys were identified. The probability of consumption of each food group in the two surveys was estimated according to sex, age and income. This study presents the foods that had a change in the frequency of consumption of 5% or higher between the two surveys. The probability of consumption was corrected for intra-individual variability using the method developed by the National Cancer Institute. RESULTS: Rice, beans, coffee, bread, vegetables and beef remained the staple Brazilian diet, ranking as the six most consumed items in both surveys. Ultra-processed foods such as sweet/stuffed cookies, savory cookies, processed meats and carbonated drinks also remained among the 20 most consumed foods. Trend analyses showed, regardless of gender, age and income range, a decrease in the consumption of rice, beans, beef, bread, fruit, milk and dairy, processed meats and carbonated drinks, and an increase in the consumption of sandwiches. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian diet is still characterized by consumption of traditional foods, such as rice and beans, and by high frequency of consumption of ultra-processed foods, such as cookies and carbonated drinks. However, between the years of 2008–2009 and 20172018, there was a decrease in the consumption of rice, beans, beef, bread, fruit, milk and dairy, processed meats and carbonated drinks, but an increase in the consumption of sandwiches. The results show a decrease in quality in the Brazilian diet.